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Digestive System > Circulatory > Flashcards

Circulatory Flashcards

1
Q

fluid between cells

A

interstitial fluid

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2
Q

muscular organ that pumps a fluid through a system of tubular vessels

A

heart

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3
Q

circulatory system in which blood leaves vessels and flows among tissues

A

open circulatory system

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4
Q

circulatory system in which blood flows through a continuous network of vessels

A

closed c.s.

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5
Q

smalles-diameter blood vessels

site of exchange of gases and other materials

A

capillaries

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6
Q

network of capillaries supplying blood to an organ

A

capillary bed

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7
Q

one heart 2 chambers one circuit

A

fish

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8
Q

2 circuit 3 chambers

A

amphibians and reptiles

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9
Q

wide diameter blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to organs

A

arteries

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10
Q

smaller arteries

A

arterioles

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11
Q

large-diameter vessels that return blood to the heart

A

veins

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12
Q

circuit through which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back

A

pulmonary

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13
Q

Flow is faster than in open systems

•Found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates

A

Closed C.S.

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14
Q

Heart chamber that receives blood from a vein and pumps it into a ventricle

A

atrium

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15
Q

Heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart and into an artery

A

ventricle

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16
Q

Circuit through which blood flows from the heart to the body tissues and back

A

systemic

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17
Q

Blood vessel that carries blood from an artery to a capillary bed

A

arteriole

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18
Q

Small-diameter blood vessel that carries blood from capillaries to a vein

A

venule

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19
Q

Large-diameter vessel that returns blood to the heart

A

vein

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20
Q

Large artery that receives blood pumped out of the left ventricle

A

aorta

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21
Q

protects the heart

A

pericardium

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22
Q

deliver blood to the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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23
Q

deliver blood to the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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24
Q

prevent blood from moving backwards

A

Atrioventricular (AV), aortic, and pulmonary valves

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25
Q

Sequence of contraction and relaxation of heart chambers that occurs with each heartbeat

A

cardiac cycle

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26
Q

Group of heart cells (SA node) that emits rhythmic signals calling for atrial contraction
•Signals AV node to begin ventricular contraction

A

cardiac pacemaker

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27
Q

Life-saving technique that keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops beating; involves mouth-to-mouth respiration, chest compressions

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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28
Q

Device that administers an electric shock to the chest wall to reset the SA node, restart the heart

A

defibrillator

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29
Q
  • Fluid portion of blood, composed of water with dissolved ions and molecules
  • Transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, plasma proteins
A

plasma

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30
Q
  • Hemoglobin-filled blood cells that transport oxygen and, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide
  • Lack nucleus and organelles, live about 4 months
A

RBC

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31
Q

•Various kinds function in housekeeping (digest debris) and defend against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens

A

WBC

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32
Q

•Cell fragment that patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting

A

platelet

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33
Q

•Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract

A

pulse

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34
Q
  • Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
  • Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
A

blood pressure

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35
Q

•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting

A

systolic pressure

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36
Q

•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting

A

diastolic pressure

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37
Q

Physiological process by which animals obtain oxygen and get rid of waste CO2

A

respiration

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38
Q

•Moist surface across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the air

A

respiratory surface

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39
Q

•Gas exchange across the outer body surface

A

Integumentary exchange

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40
Q

•Folds or body extensions that increase the surface area for respiration

A

gills

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41
Q

•Branching tubes that deliver air from the body surface to tissues of insects and some other land arthropods with hard exoskeletons

A

tracheal system

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42
Q

protects the heart

A

pericardium

43
Q

deliver blood to the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava

44
Q

deliver blood to the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

45
Q

prevent blood from moving backwards

A

Atrioventricular (AV), aortic, and pulmonary valves

46
Q

Sequence of contraction and relaxation of heart chambers that occurs with each heartbeat

A

cardiac cycle

47
Q

Group of heart cells (SA node) that emits rhythmic signals calling for atrial contraction
•Signals AV node to begin ventricular contraction

A

cardiac pacemaker

48
Q

Life-saving technique that keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops beating; involves mouth-to-mouth respiration, chest compressions

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

49
Q

Device that administers an electric shock to the chest wall to reset the SA node, restart the heart

A

defibrillator

50
Q
  • Fluid portion of blood, composed of water with dissolved ions and molecules
  • Transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, plasma proteins
A

plasma

51
Q
  • Hemoglobin-filled blood cells that transport oxygen and, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide
  • Lack nucleus and organelles, live about 4 months
A

RBC

52
Q

•Various kinds function in housekeeping (digest debris) and defend against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens

A

WBC

53
Q

•Cell fragment that patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting

A

platelet

54
Q

•Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract

A

pulse

55
Q
  • Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
  • Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
A

blood pressure

56
Q

•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting

A

systolic pressure

57
Q

•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting

A

diastolic pressure

58
Q

Physiological process by which animals obtain oxygen and get rid of waste CO2

A

respiration

59
Q

•Moist surface across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the air

A

respiratory surface

60
Q

•Gas exchange across the outer body surface

A

Integumentary exchange

61
Q

•Folds or body extensions that increase the surface area for respiration

A

gills

62
Q

•Branching tubes that deliver air from the body surface to tissues of insects and some other land arthropods with hard exoskeletons

A

tracheal system

63
Q

protects the heart

A

pericardium

64
Q

deliver blood to the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava

65
Q

deliver blood to the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

66
Q

prevent blood from moving backwards

A

Atrioventricular (AV), aortic, and pulmonary valves

67
Q

Sequence of contraction and relaxation of heart chambers that occurs with each heartbeat

A

cardiac cycle

68
Q

Group of heart cells (SA node) that emits rhythmic signals calling for atrial contraction
•Signals AV node to begin ventricular contraction

A

cardiac pacemaker

69
Q

Life-saving technique that keeps oxygen flowing to tissues when the heart stops beating; involves mouth-to-mouth respiration, chest compressions

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

70
Q

Device that administers an electric shock to the chest wall to reset the SA node, restart the heart

A

defibrillator

71
Q
  • Fluid portion of blood, composed of water with dissolved ions and molecules
  • Transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, plasma proteins
A

plasma

72
Q
  • Hemoglobin-filled blood cells that transport oxygen and, to a lesser extent, carbon dioxide
  • Lack nucleus and organelles, live about 4 months
A

RBC

73
Q

•Various kinds function in housekeeping (digest debris) and defend against viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens

A

WBC

74
Q

•Cell fragment that patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting

A

platelet

75
Q

•Brief stretching of artery walls that occurs when ventricles contract

A

pulse

76
Q
  • Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
  • Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
A

blood pressure

77
Q

•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting

A

systolic pressure

78
Q

•Blood pressure when ventricles are contracting

A

diastolic pressure

79
Q

Physiological process by which animals obtain oxygen and get rid of waste CO2

A

respiration

80
Q

•Moist surface across which gases are exchanged between animal cells and the air

A

respiratory surface

81
Q

•Gas exchange across the outer body surface

A

Integumentary exchange

82
Q

•Folds or body extensions that increase the surface area for respiration

A

gills

83
Q

•Branching tubes that deliver air from the body surface to tissues of insects and some other land arthropods with hard exoskeletons

A

tracheal system

84
Q

Internal saclike organs; serve as the respiratory surface in most land vertebrates and some fish

A

lungs

85
Q

•Throat; opens to airways and digestive tract

A

pharynx

86
Q

Short airway containing vocal cords (voice box); contraction of vocal cords changes the size of the glottis

A

larynx

87
Q

Opening formed when the vocal cords relax

A

glottis

88
Q
  • Tissue flap at the entrance to the larynx

* Folds down to prevent food from entering the trachea when you swallow

A

epiglottis

89
Q
  • Major airway leading to the lungs; windpipe

* Branches into two bronchi, each leading to a lung

A

trachea

90
Q

•Airway connecting the trachea to a lung

A

bronchus or bronchi

91
Q

•Small airway leading from bronchus to alveoli

A

bronchiole

92
Q
  • Tiny, thin-walled air sacs

* Site of gas exchange in the lung

A

alveoli

93
Q

Dome-shaped muscle at base of thoracic cavity that alters thoracic cavity size during breathing

A

diaphragm

94
Q

•Muscles between the ribs; help alter the size of the thoracic cavity during breathing

A

intercostal muscles

95
Q
  • One inhalation and one exhalation
  • Inhalation is always active (requires energy)
  • Exhalation is usually passive
A

respiratory cycle

96
Q
  • Red blood cells are impaired or fewer than normal
  • Decreases oxygen delivery to cells
  • Caused by sickle cell anemia, malaria, lack of iron
A

anemia

97
Q

Cancer that increases white blood cell numbers

•Impairs normal blood functions

A

leukemia

98
Q

a clot that forms in a vessel and remains there

A

thrombus

99
Q

a clot that forms in a blood vessel, then breaks loose

A

embolus

100
Q
  • Artery interior narrows because of lipid deposition and inflammation
  • LDLs deposit cholesterol; HDLs remove it
A

atherosclerosis

101
Q

Chronically high blood pressure (above 140/90)

A

hypertension

102
Q

•Heart cells die because of impaired blood flow through coronary arteries

A

heart attack

103
Q

•Brain cells die because a clot or vessel rupture disrupts blood flow within the brain

A

stroke

103
Q

Gas exchange across the outer body surface

A

Integumentary exchange

Digestive System (10 decks)

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