Botany Introduction Flashcards
Life Cycle of Plants
Heteromorphic Alternation of Generation
Major characteristics of plants
Multicellular Photosynthetic/autotrophic embryophytes asexual and sexual reproduction exhibits life cycle
fertilization wherein one size is bigger
oogamy
fertilization wherein gametes have same size; usually in lower life forms
isogamy
aids sperm cell in swimming
wind or water
2 major groups of plants
vascular and non-vascular
for water conduction
xylem
for food conduction
phloem
functions of roots
storage
anchorage
production of hormones
2 types of root system
tap root and fibrous or diffuse
protects the root tip
root cap
root cap type of tropism
positive geotropism
photosynthetic organ
leaf
leaf stalk
petiole
pores in the stem where gaseous exchange take place
lenticels
part of the stem that divides to increase the length
apical meristem
point of attachemnt in the stem
node
between nodes
internode
covering of stem
bark
forms when leaves are detached
scars
found inside the bark
wood
immature organs in the wood
buds
part of the wood: outer and lighter
sapwood
part of the wood: inner and darker
heartwood
represent amount of wood produced in one year
annual rings or growth rings
part of the flower that holds all the floral parts
receptacle or torus
stalk of flower
peduncle
contains pollen (part of a flower)
anther
group of petals
corolla
group of sepals
calyx
contains ovule
ovary
baby or immature seeds in the ovary
ovule
elevates the stigma to catch pollen
style
sticky flattened part, at the tip of the style
stigma
vegetative organs
leaf and stems
reproductive organs
flowers OR fruits
mixed buds
flowers and leaves
mature or ripened ovary
fruit
mature or ripened ovules
seeds
2 axes of the seed
epicotyl and hypocotyl
axis of the seed that gives rise to shoot system
epicotyl
axis of the seed that gives rise to root system
hypocotyl
products of double fertilization
triploid endosperm; diploid zygote
1 sperm + 2 polar nuclei
endosperm 3N
1 sperm + egg cell
zygote 2N
Fusion of gametes
Syngamy
Known as Bryophytes
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Known as fern allies
Whiskferns
Clubmosses
Horsetail
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Cycads
Ginkgoes
Gnetophytes
Pines
Part of the root tip that increase absorptive capacity
Root hair
Protects the root tip
Positive geotropism
Root cap
Zones of the root tip
Maturation
Elongation
Division
Root system best for absorption
Fibrous or diffuse
Tongue like outgrowth between stem and petiole
Stipule
Hair like in the stem and leaf sheath
Ligules
Connects the leaf to the stem (parallel venation)
Leaf sheath
Petals + sepals
Perianth