Plant reproduction Flashcards
Define reproduction
Ability of living organisms to produce offspring
What are the two types of reproduction?
A-Sexual and Sexual
State three things about Sexual reproduction in plants
Uses gametes, Genetically varied offspring, Advantage in changing environment or threat from pathogens
State three things about A-Sexual reproduction in plants
Does not use gametes, Produces clones, Advantage in a stable environment
State three A-Sexual methods of reproduction
Bulbs, Tubers, Runners
What is an artificial method to grow plants from?
Cuttings
What are the three stages of sexual reproduction in plants?
- Pollination 2. Fertilisation 3. Germination
Define Cross Pollination
Transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower
What are the male parts of the flower and what gamete is produced there? (Clue: There are two parts and only one produces the gamete)
-The Stamen is the male part of the flower -Anther and filament makes up the Stamen -Pollen is produced in the anther
State the flower structure and know how to label one
What features does an INSECT pollinated flower have? (Clue: Stamens, Stigma, Petals)
Stamen: Enclosed within flower Stigma: Enclosed within flower and sticky Petals: Large and brightly coloured
What features does a WIND pollinated flower have? (Clue: Stamens, Stigma, Petals)
Stamen: Exposed outside of petals Stigma: Exposed outside of petals Petals: Small and not brightly coloured
Give an example of wind pollinated flowers
Rye grass
State the process of POLLINATION AND FERTILISATION of plants
- Pollen carried to stigma 2. Pollen tube grows down style 3. Inside tube, male gamete travels to ovule 4. Male gamete enters ovule through the micropyle 5. Male and Female gametes fuse to form a zygote 6. Fertilisation occurs
In fruit formation, what does the fertilised ovule turn into?
The Seed
In fruit formation, what does the ovary turn into?
The Fruit
In fruit formation, what does the ovule wall turn into?
The Seed coat
In fruit formation, what does the ovary wall turn into?
The Fruit coat
What does the zygote develop into and what are its two main parts? (Clue: Posh name for a root and shoot)
An embryonic plant with a radicle (Small root) and a plumule (a shoot)
Describe the process of germination? (Clue: How a seed grows)
- The seed needs a lot of energy quickly 2. Enzymes break down carbohydrates in food stores 3. These fuel respiration to release energy 4. Until the plant has leaves to photosynthesise
What three things do plants need in order to germinate and what does each of them do? (Clue: WOW)
Warmth: Optimum temperature for enzymes Oxygen: To aerobically respire Water: To activate the enzymes
