Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Complex Carbohydrates and Simple sugars

Question 2

What are carbohydrates made of? (Both Complex Carbs and Simple Sugars are made of this)

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 3

Simple sugars are…

Answer 3

Sweet tasting, Soluble in water, and supply energy for respiration

Question 4

What are single units of sugar called?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

What are two sugar molecules joined together called?

Answer 5

Disaccharides

Question 6

What is the equation for respiration? (Balanced symbol equation and Word equation)

Answer 6

6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Oxygen + Glucose –> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 7

Complex carbohydrates are…

Answer 7

Made of thousands of glucose molecules, Storage molecules (Starch-Plants and Glycogen-Animals) and Insoluble

Question 8

Name three types of simple sugars (Clue: Glucose)

Answer 8

Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose

Question 9

What are Proteins composed of?

Answer 9

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 10

Proteins are made up of… (Clue: There are 20 of them)

Answer 10

Amino Acids

Question 11

State the process of amino acids

Answer 11

1. Plants make amino acids
2. String together to make protein
3. Digest protein body breaks them down into individual amino acids
4. Your cells string amino acids into a new order

Question 12

What are lipids composed of?

Answer 12

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 13

What are fatty acids? (Clue: To do with lipids)

Answer 13

Saturated fats and Unsaturated fats

Question 14

What state are saturated fats at room temperature?

Answer 14

Solid (Fats)

Question 15

What state are unsaturated fats at room temperature?

Answer 15

Liquid (Oils)

Question 16

What are the two types of molecules that all Lipids are made from?

Answer 16

Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids

Question 17

What is the test for glucose and what is the method?

Answer 17

Benedict’s test for glucose

1. Add Benedict’s solution to the liquid
2. Heat using water bath at 60 degrees
3. If glucose is present colour will change from Blue–>Brick Red

Question 18

What is the test for starch and what is the method?

Answer 18

Iodine test for starch
1. Add 2-5 drops of iodine solution
2. If starch is present colour will change from
Brown–>Blue/Black

Question 19

What is the test for proteins and what is the method?

Answer 19

Biuret reagent test for proteins
1. Add 2-5 drops of Biuret reagent
2. If protein is present colour will change from
Pale blue–>Purple

Question 20

What is the test for lipids and what is the method?

Answer 20

Emulsion test for lipids

1. Add 2cm-3cm of ethanol to the substance
2. Add the solution to a boiling tube of water
3. If lipids are present a white milk like emulsion will form

Question 21

Define a catalyst

Answer 21

A chemical which increases the rate of reaction without being used up itself

Question 22

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 22

Breaks down large molecules into smaller products

Question 23

What is a anabolic reaction?

Answer 23

Making large molecules from smaller substrates

Question 24

How do Enzymes work (Clue: A theory)

Answer 24

Lock and Key Theory

Question 25

The ______ acts as the “key” and the _______ acts as the “lock”

Answer 25

The SUBSTRATE acts as the “key” and the “ACTIVE SITE” acts as the “lock”

Question 26

What is the optimum temperature of enzymes?

Answer 26

40 degrees

Question 27

What happens if the enzyme goes past the optimum temperature?

Answer 27

Enzyme denatures

Question 28

Why does increase in temperature cause enzymes to react faster?

Answer 28

• Particles vibrate faster
• Therefore more kinetic energy
• More successful collisions between active sight and substrate

Question 29

What does a rise of 10 degrees do to the rate of reaction?

Answer 29

Rate of reaction doubles every 10 degrees

Question 30

If a substrate has a large surface area how will this effect enzyme reaction rate?

Answer 30

• There is more substrate accessible to the enzyme

- More successful collisions between active sight and substrate

Question 31

If the concentration of a substrate and enzyme increases, what will happen to the rate of reaction?

Answer 31

• There is more substrate and enzyme in a given volume

- More successful collisions between active sight and substrate

Question 32

How does pH effect the enzymes rate of reaction?

Answer 32

• Each enzyme has its own optimum pH
• Most are around 7
• But Pepsin works best at pH 2
• Extreme pH can permanently denature a protein

Question 33

What does bile do to a large fat droplet in the small intestine?

Answer 33

• Bile emulsifies fat
• This increases surface area
• Which increases rate of fat digestion by (enzyme) lipase

Question 34

Why are viruses not classified as living organisms?

Answer 34

• They can only reproduce inside the cells of other organisms
• They produce no waste products
• They do not respond to stimuli