Plant Organs (Roots) - Cycle 2

Question 1

Roots

Answer 1

• anchors a vascular plant in the soil
• absorbs minerals and water
• often stores carbohydrates and other reserves

Question 2

Kinds of Roots: Buttress Roots

Answer 2

• Grow in areas where the soil is shallow, therefore, less stable
• Nutrients is not that high

Question 3

Kinds of Roots: Root Hairs

Answer 3

Expand or increases the surface area, therefore, gets more nutrients

Question 4

Kinds of Roots: Prop Roots

Answer 4

• Growth extends upwards

- Structural support

Question 5

Kinds of Roots: Pneumatophores

Answer 5

• Roots go up to increase the aeration

- Usually found in hydrophilic areas

Question 6

Kinds of Roots: Storage Roots

Answer 6

Plants store their nutrients in the form of starch, some plants would store these in the form of roots

Question 7

Kinds of Roots: Strangling Aerial Roots

Answer 7

• Gets its nutrients from growing beside the host until it reaches the top. Once it reaches the top, it will then prop its roots and absorb nutrients from the host.
• Usually the hosts are older trees that are near death

Question 8

Functions of Roots

Answer 8

• Anchorage
• Growth
• Storage of food and minerals
• Absorption and conduction of the movement of water and mineral nutrients to the plants
• Symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
• Production of gibberellins, hormones that stimulate the growth of stems.

Question 9

Taproot System

Answer 9

• Has large primary roots and small lateral roots
• Primary roots grow straight downward and become dominant root of the plant
• Some are fleshy and store food
• Dicot plants
  ~ Ex: Mango Tree, Gumamela, Carrots, Radishes

Question 10

Fibrous Root System

Answer 10

• Primary root dies and many slender secondary roots arise
• Sizes of the roots are similar
• Monocot plants
  ~ Ex. Grasses, corn, bamboo
  
  • “Looks Hairy”

Question 11

Growth Zones of a Root: Root Cap

Answer 11

• Covers and protects root tip

- Releases carbon dioxide that combines with water forming carbonic acid to corrode rocks and other coarse particles

Question 12

Growth Zones of a Root: Zone of Cell Division

Answer 12

• Contains meristematic cells

- Newly formed cells are added to the root cap and on the zone of elongation

Question 13

Growth Zones of a Root: Zone of Elongation

Answer 13

• Cells become longer as they become specialized

- Increase in length of roots

Question 14

Growth Zones of a Root: Zone of Maturation

Answer 14

• Mature and fully differentiated cells

- Easily recognized due to presence of root hairs

Question 15

Root Structure and Function: Epidermis

Answer 15

Outer layer of thin-walled, rectangular cells that act as protective covering of roots

Question 16

Root Structure and Function: Cortex

Answer 16

Large, irregularly shaped parenchyma cells which function as food storage

Question 17

Root Structure and Function: Endodermis

Answer 17

• Forms a boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder

Question 18

Root Structure and Function: Vascular Cylinder or Stele

Answer 18

• Vascular Tissue - consisting of xylem and phloem
• Pericycle - outermost layer of the vascular cylinder consists of cells that have the capacity to divide and form secondary roots

Question 19

Purposes of Modified Root

Answer 19

• Water and nutrient absorption and conduction
• Storage
• Nodulation
  ~ produced by nitrogen fixate

Question 20

How can this plant organ help economically?

Answer 20

• Source of Income
• Food
• Medicine
• Soil Preservation