Plant Oils, Biofuels And Nanoparticles Flashcards
What plants can we extract oil from?
Sunflowers Olives Rape seed oil Chia Pine nut Lavender Almond
Describe the pressing method for extraction
You put the sunflower seed for example into a motar and pestle. After you have crushed it the oil will be at the bottom, this is a smaller version of what would happen in the industry.
Describe the distillation process
The oil can be destroyed when your extracting it so you have to careful. Put the plants in water and boil the water. The water and oil will evaporate, the condenser will cool the steam that came from the oil. Then it drips down into the container, all the water and impurities are removed.
Name some biofuels
Hydrogen
Biogas- cow poo
Biodiesel-vegetable oil
Ethanol,propanol and butonol= bioalcohol
What does viscosity mean
How easily something flows
If something is runny does it have a HIGH VISCOSITY or LOW VISCOSITY
LOW VISCOSITY
If something is thick does it have a HIGH VISCOSITY or LOW VISCOSITY
HIGH VISCOSITY
If a substance has a HIGH viscosity what type of resistance will it have?
HIGH resistance, won’t pour easily
If a substance has a low viscosity what type of resistance will it have?
Week resistance, it will pour easily
When do you use a bar chart?
When you have measured in categories
When do you use a line chart?
If you have continuous data
For example- temperature or time
Does the independent variable go on the X or Y axis?
X axis
Does the dependant variable go on the X or Y axis?
Y axis
What does an anomaly mean?
An anomaly is when the result doesn’t fit with the other data and results that you have gotten
What is nanoscience
It is the science of very small particles
What do nanoparticles do for sunsets?
They make the sunset go red
How do nanoparticles help birds?
It helps them navigate
How big are skin cells?
30 micrometers
What is the diameter of DNA in nanometres?
2 nanometres
Why do things act different on the nanoscale?
Because of the amount of surface area
If there is more surface area there is more…..
Area for reactions
Are protons positively, negatively or neutral charge?
Positive
Are electrons positively, negatively or neutral charge?
Negative charge
Are neutrons positively, negatively or neutral charge?
Neutral charge
What does mass mean?
The weight
What does density mean?
How compact it is
What is fermentation?
Sugar is mixed into water, the yeast is added to the water, alcohol is created and distilled.
Sugar+yeast=fermentation
What is a nanoparticle?
A nano particle is tiny pieces of a substance, it is made up of just a few hundred atoms
What is the diameter of a nano particle
Between 1 nanometres and 100 nanoparticle, you can only see them with a special microscope
What is a compound?
Two or more separate elements joined together by a chemical bond
What is a hydrocarbon?
It is a compound made of just carbon and hydrogen atoms. They come from crude oil by fractional distillation and can be classified into three groups.
What does carbon neutral mean?
Carbon based fuels which when they are burnt doesn’t increase the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
What is bioethanol?
Ethanol isn’t a hydrocarbon as it contains oxygen atoms as well as carbon and hydrogen atoms. But it is a liquid which burns well.
How is bioethanol made?
Made by fermenting sugar from sugar canes, wheat and other plants.
Name three points about using biofuels
More people are needed to create biofuels than petrol or diesel.
Increased income for farmers
Lower fuel prices as biofuel reduce the demand for fossil fuels bringing down the price of fuel
