Plant Oils

Question 1

crushing and pressing

Answer 1

crushed plant material is pressed between metal plates to squash oil out
oil needs to be separated from any water and plant material using a centrifuge (spinning of the oily paste)

Question 2

distillation

Answer 2

heat the plant material until the oils that are in it evaporate
then u collect the vapour and cool it down so that it condenses back into pure liquid oil
separate water and oil using separating funnel

Question 3

plant oils r useful for cooking bc

Answer 3

they have higher boiling points than water

Question 4

unsaturated oils 3

Answer 4

contain some carbon carbon double bonds
monounsaturated fats means ther is only one c=c in the chain
polyunsaturated fats means thwre there is more than one c=c bond

Question 5

process of hydrogenation

Answer 5

unsaturated oils are liquid at room temp
they can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen with a nickel catalyst at 60°C
hydrogen adds to carbon carbon double bonds opening them out

Question 6

properties of hydrogenated oils

Answer 6

higher melting points
solid at room temp
used as spreads

Question 7

emulsion

Answer 7

a mixture of oil and water

Question 8

emulsion properties2

Answer 8

thicker than oil or water

the more oil the thicker it is

Question 9

emulsifiers 3

Answer 9

what you add to emulsions to stop them from separating

molecules with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail