Crude Oils And Fuels

Question 1

what is crude oil

Answer 1

mixture of many different compounds mainly hydrocarbons

Question 2

fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 2

CO pumped into fractionating column that has a temp gradient running through it hottest at the bottom coldest at the top
CO heated so it vapourises and is pipes into the bottom of the column
the different compounds gradually cool and rise as they condense at different temps and levels of the column

Question 3

fractions=

Answer 3

groups of hydrocarbons that condense together

Question 4

hydrocarbons with lots of carbon atoms

Answer 4

have high boiling points and condense near the bottom

Question 5

hydrocarbons with small number of carbon atoms

Answer 5

have low boiling points they condense near the top

Question 6

alkanes

Answer 6

chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms

Question 7

first four alkanes

Answer 7

methane ethane propane Butane

Question 8

general formula of alkanes

Answer 8

CnH2n+2

Question 9

properties of alkanes 3

Answer 9

the shorter the molecules..

1. the less viscous more runny it is
2. more volatile they turn into a gas at a Lower temp
3. more flammable

Question 10

during combustion..

Answer 10

carbon and hydrogen react with oxygen in the air so that co2 and water vapour are released into the atmosphere

Question 11

complete combustion

Answer 11

when there’s plenty of oxygen and all the fuel burns

only co2 and water are produced

Question 12

partial/incomplete combustion

Answer 12

there’s not enough oxygen and fhe fuel doesn’t burn completely
soot unhurt fuel and carbon monoxide may be released along side co2 and water vapour

Question 13

what causes acid rain

Answer 13

sulfur dioxide mixes with water in the clouds it forms dilute sulfuric acid which then falls as rain

Question 14

acid rain consequences 2

Answer 14

lakes become acidic killing plants and animals

damages limestone buildings and statues

Question 15

reducing AR

Answer 15

removethe sulfur from the field before they’re burnt (takes more energy cosay money)
remove the sulfur dioxide from the waste gases before they’re releasEd

Question 16

extra co2 causes the

Answer 16

average temperature of the earth to inceease

Question 17

global dimming

Answer 17

in some areas 25% less sunlight has been teaching c The earths surface

Question 18

causes of global dimming

Answer 18

particles of soot and ash produced by burning of fossil fuels reflect the sunlight back into space or they help produce more clouds that reflect the sunlight

Question 19

biofuels

Answer 19

fuels made from plant material

Question 20

ethanol 5

Answer 20

made by fermentation of plants
used to power cars
carbon neutral 
renewable 
growing the crops is Labour intensive

Question 21

disadvantages of using ethanol3

Answer 21

engines need to be converted
isn’t widely available
farmers might stop growing food crop.and grow ethanol crops instead increasing food prices

Question 22

biodiesel 4

Answer 22

produced from vegetable oils
carbon neutral
engines don’t have to be converted
much less particulates produced than diesel of petrol

Question 23

disadvantages of biodiesel

Answer 23

expensive to make
can’t make enought to replace diesel
could also increase food prices

Question 24

hydrogen gas 3

Answer 24

hydrogen from the electrolysis of water
very clean
comes from water very renewable

Question 25

disadvanges to hydrogen gas3

Answer 25

expensive engine needed
not widely available
extremely flammable hard to store