Plant nutrition/hormones/repro Flashcards
Remove chlorophyll in leaf by…
- Boil in ethanol
- Use water bath instead of BB as ethanol is flammable
Feeding on plants by other animals …
- Damages leaves
- Reduces chloroplasts/chlorphyll
- Less sunlight absorbed
- Less photosynthesis
Mineral ions =
- Small + soluble
- Magnesium - chlorophyll production (yellow leaves if absent)
- Nitrate- amino acids/growth (stunted if absent + yellow leaves)
Photosynthesisi equation
- 6CO2+6H20 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Stach tests
- Boil in ethanol in water bath
- Add iodine on white tile
- Use stopwatch
- Orange (absent + dark + destrached)
- Blue black (present + light +photosynthesize)
Eukaryoyte
- Has a nucleus
How does the leaf produce oxygen as a waste product?
- excess CO2 + O2 are excreted by stomata
- Oxygen the waste products - photosynthesis
advantages to asexual reproduction
- only one parent needed
- uses less energy + faster than sexual
- in favorable conditions, high yield of offspring
Adaptations of… in insect-pollinated plants
petals nectar pollen grains anthers stigma
large + bright = to attract insects
scented= to attract insects
sticky + moderate amounts
inside flower,stiff + attached = insects can brush past
inside a flower, sticky so pollen grains stick to it when insects brush past
Adaptations of… in wind-pollinated plants
petals nectar pollen grains anthers stigma
Small + dull (green/brown)
- no scent + nectar
- smooth + light - easily carried by the wind in large amounts.
- outside flower, loose on long filaments + pollen can be easily released.
- outside flower - feathers to catch pollen grains in the wind
seed and fruit formation p1
- pollen grains are male gametes
- ovule if female gametes
- pollen grain lands on stigma
- pollen tube grows out of pollen grain + down the style
- into the ovary –> ovule
seed and fruit formation
…into the ovary —> ovule
- male nucleus travels down the pollen tube from pollen grain
- to fuse w female egg nucleus in ovule = zygote
- ovule = seed
- ovule wall = seed coat
- ovary = fruit of plant
WOW 3 factors for germination to occur
water - to activate enzymes to break down starch food reserves in the seed
oxygen- needed for aerobic respiration to release energy for growth
warmth- optimum temp for enzymes, increase growth rate
describe auxins
auxin - growth hormone, moves to dark side of shoot
- stimulates more cells to grow here
negative geotropism
- grow away from gravity - if the shoot is horizontal
- shoot bends + grows away from ground
- extends leaves into sunlight —-> photosythesize
positive phototropism
- grow towards light source
- shoot bends toward light = receives more light + photosynthesis gets faster
positive geotropism
- auxin grow towards gravity
- root bends + grow downwards
- good as higher levels of water + nutrients in soil
suggest two ways in which a typical plant cell difference from a typical animal cell
cell wall
water vacuole
chloroplasts
stores starch/sucrose instead of glycogen
describe how the structure for leaf is adapted for gaining carbon dioxide
stomata air spaces moist thin large SA
factors affecting photosynthesis
- temp —> more energy for enzymes to for ESC
- light inetsnity —> more light trapped + converted to chem energy
- CO2 conc –> needed to make glucose
function of waxy cuticle and upper epedermis
- reduces evap + protective layer at the top
- thin + transparent to allow light into palisade meso
function of palisade and spongy mesophyll
- lots of chloroplasts so photosy occurs fast
- many air spaces allow gases to diffuse in n out + increase SA
function of lower epedermis and guard cells and stomata
- contains guard cells and stomata
- open n close stomata by abosrbing/losing water
- gas exchange + evap occur here// close in night vice versa
advantages of sexual repro
- allows genetic variation in offspring
- can adapt to new enviornemnts = survival advantage
- disease unlikley to affect all of poluation
