Nutrition Flashcards
importance of water
- chem reactions to occur
- helps regulate body temp
carbohydrates
- CHO
- provides high energy/ aerobic respiration
- Starch –>amylase—>maltose —>maltase —>glucose
- beemdicts solution + boil in water bath
- brick red (present)
Fats
- CHO
- provides insulation + protection + high energy/ respiration
- lipids—> lipase—> 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
- add ethanol + shake + add water
- white cloudy emulsion = lipid present
proteins
- CHON
- growth and repair of cells
- Protein –> protease—>polypeptides —>amino acids
biuret solution
violet = present
test for protein
- Biuret solution to the food sample
present = violet absent = remains blue
iron + role of vit C in diet
immunity + absorb iron
deficiency- scurvy (bleeding gums)
produces hemoglobin
deficiency= anemia
5 factors that vary dietary requirements
age - more energy for children for growth/ energy needs decrease in adulthood
activity levels- more active means more energy needed for movement as muscles are contracting more + respiring faster
breastfeeding- J needs increase + extra calcium needed for high-quality breast milk
sex- mn exceeds energy requirements that women as they have a larger muscle mass to fat
pregnancy- energy is needed to support growth of fetus and extra calcium/iron to build strong bones of fetus.
understand the role of digestive enzymes, including the digestion of…
- starch and glycogen from simple sugars,
- protein from amino acids,
- lipid from fatty acids and glycerol
adaptations of small intestine… + peristalisis
large surface area - Microvilli on the surface of villus = increase SA for absorption
short diffusion distance - wall of a villus is one cell thick
steep concentration gradient- villi are supplied with a network of blood capillaries
Peristalsis helps by mixing together food and enzymes + moving food boluses along the alimentary canal
fiber + vit A + vit D + calcium
- roughage for peristalsis
- vision
- bones + teeth
After a meal…
- Glucose levels spike
- pancreas releases insulin
- insulin levels off glucose + stores as glycogen in liver
Bile
- stored = gallbladder
- released= bile duct
- produced= liver
- Neutralising HCL from stomach
- Emulsifies fats (breaks up into smaller pieces) MD
Blood glucose dips…
- pancreas releases glucagon
- liver converts glycogen to glucose for aerobic respiration
Mouth
- mechanical digestion - break up large pieces to small to food bolus (increase SA:V)
- Chem digestion - Starch –>amylase—>maltose —>maltase —>glucose
esophagus
- tube from the mouth to stomach
- food bolus moves down by peristalsis
- caused by circular muscles and longitudinal muscles
