Plant Nutrition and Transport

Question 1

How do plants produce their own ‘food’ ?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 2

In the leaves of all green plants

In chloroplasts

Question 3

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

What does photosynthesis convert?

Answer 4

light energy into chemical energy

Question 5

When is the chemical energy released from photosynthesis?

Answer 5

during respration

Question 6

How are plant leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

They are thin and flat

So that as much light can be absorbed as possible and the distance that gases need to diffuse are very short

Question 7

What is the top layer of a leaf called?

Answer 7

The waxy cuticle

Question 8

How does the waxy cuticle help reduce water loss?

Answer 8

by evaporation

Question 9

What layer is after the waxy cuticle in a leaf?

Answer 9

The upper epidermis

Question 10

Why is the upper epidermis transparent?

Answer 10

So that light can pass through it to the palisade layer

Question 11

Where are most choloroplasts found in, in a leaf?

Answer 11

The palisade layer, near the top where they can get the most light

Question 12

What bundles do leaves have a network of?

Answer 12

vascular bundles

Question 13

What are the two transport vessels in the vascular bundles?

Answer 13

Xylem and Phloem

Question 14

What are stomata?

Answer 14

little holes in the leaf, which let CO2 diffuse directly into the leaf

Question 15

What are the three limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Light
Carbon Dioxide concentration
Temperature

Question 16

In photosynthesis, if the light intensity increases…

Answer 16

The rate of photosynthesis will increase steadily, but only up to a certain point

Question 17

How can you test a leaf for starch?

Answer 17

Kill plant first by dining in boiling water
(stops any chemical reactions)
Put the leaf in boiling tube with some ethanol and heat in water bath
(gets rid of any chlorophyll)
Rinse off the leaf in cold water and add a few drops of iodine solution.. if starch is present.. leaf will turn gluey-black

Question 18

Only the green parts of the plant contain

Answer 18

chlorophyll

Question 19

How can you show CO2 is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 19

With a sealed bell jar, soda lime, and a light
The soda lime absorbs CO2 out of jar
Then test leaf for starch

Question 20

How can you show light is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Place a plant in a cupboard

Test for starch

Question 21

What can be used to measure the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

Canadian Pondweed
White light at specific distances
syringe at other end

Question 22

The faster the rate of oxygen production…

Answer 22

The faster the rate of photosynthesis

Question 23

What are the three minerals ions a plant needs for growth?

Answer 23

Nitrates
Phosphates
Potassium
(small amounts of magnesium)

Question 24

Where do plants get their mineral ions?

Answer 24

In the soil

Question 25

What do Nitrates contain and needed for?

Answer 25

contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins | needed for cell growth

Question 26

What happens to a plant if it does not receive enough Nitrates?

Answer 26

It will be stunted and have yellow older leaves

Question 27

What do Phosphates contain and needed for?

Answer 27

Contain phosphorus for making DNA and cell membranes | needed for respiration and growth

Question 28

What happens to a plant if it does not receive enough Phosphates?

Answer 28

It will have poor root growth and purple, older peaves

Question 29

What is Potassium needed for?

Answer 29

To help the enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration.

Question 30

What happens to a plant if it does not receive enough Potassium?

Answer 30

The plant will have poor flower and fruit growth and discoloured leaves

Question 31

Why is magnesium needed in a plant?

Answer 31

It's required for making chlorophyll and without the leaves will have yellow leaves.

Question 32

What are plants two main transport systems?

Answer 32

Xylem and Phloem

Question 33

What do Xylem tubes transport?

Answer 33

water and mineral salts from roots to shoot

Question 34

What do Phliem tubes transport?

Answer 34

food

Question 35

What are the cells on plant roots called?

Answer 35

Root hair cells

Question 36

How is water taken in through root hair cells?

Answer 36

via osmosis

Question 37

What is the phloem's tissue made of?

Answer 37

living cells

Question 38

How do root hair cells help the uptake of water?

Answer 38

They greatly increase the surface area of the root

Question 39

How are minerals taken in through root hair cells?

Answer 39

via active transprt

Question 40

What is transpiration?

Answer 40

The water loss in a plant

Question 41

What is transpiration caused by?

Answer 41

evaporation and diffusion of water from a plants surface

Question 42

Where does most transpiration happen?

Answer 42

In the leaves

Question 43

How are leaves adapted for transpiration?

Answer 43

like photosynthesis: | Stomata helps the leaves exchange gases easily

Question 44

How does water escape the plant?

Answer 44

because theres more water inside than outside, the water escapes from the leaves through the stomata by diffusion

Question 45

The continuos flow of water in a plant is known as...

Answer 45

the transpiration stream

Question 46

What is the rate of transpiration controlled by?

Answer 46

The stomata

Question 47

Where are most stomata found?

Answer 47

on the underside of the leaf (reduce water loss)

Question 48

What are the four main things that affect the transpiration rate in plants?

Answer 48

Light Intensity Temperature Wind Speed Humidity

Question 49

In terms of transpiration.. the brighter the light...

Answer 49

the greater the transpiration rate

Question 50

How does light affect transpiration rate?

Answer 50

Stomata close as it gets darker Photosynthesis can't happen in the dark, so they don't need to let CO2 in, therefore are closed When stomata are closed, little water can escape

Question 51

How does temperature affect transpiration rate?

Answer 51

The warmer it is.. the faster the transpiration rate | When it's warm, water particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata

Question 52

How does wind speed affect transpiration rate?

Answer 52

If low, water vapour surround the leaf and doesn't go away. This means theres a high concentration of water particles outside the leaf so diffusion doesn't happen as quickly. If windy, water vapour is swept away, maintaining a low concentration of water in the air outside the leaf - diffusion happens quickly

Question 53

How does humidity affect transpiration rate?

Answer 53

the drier the area outside the leaf, the faster transpiration happens (diffusion thing)

Question 54

What piece of equipment is used to estimate transpiration rate?

Answer 54

A potometer

Question 55

What does a photometer measure

Answer 55

water uptake by a plant

Question 56

what is the function of phloem vessels in plants?

Answer 56

transport sugars like sucrose, and amino acids from where they're made in the leaves tto other parts of the plant

Question 57

what is the movement of food substances around the plant by the phloem known as?

Answer 57

translocation