Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A Biology Mock Study pt2 > Plant Nutrition and Transport > Flashcards

Plant Nutrition and Transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

the process that produce ‘food’ in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the ‘food’ produced in photosynthesis?

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does photosynthesis happen?

A

in the leaves of all green plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does photosynthesis happen inside of? (not where it happens)

A

inside the chloroplast which are found in leaf cells and in other green parts of a plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the pigment chloroplast contain?

A

chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does chlorophyll do?

A

it absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Oxygen is also produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is photosynthesis an important process?

A

because it converts light energy to chemical energy which is stored in the glucose. This chemical energy is released when glucose is broken down during respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C2H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the rate of photosynthesis depend on?

A

on the limiting factors it is at the moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a limiting factor?

A

something that stops photosynthesis from happening any faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are 3 limiting factors?

A
  • light intensity
  • CO2 concentration
  • temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do limiting factors depend on?

A

on environmental conditions (e.g in winter low temperatures might be the limiting factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does chlorophyll use to perform photosynthesis?

A

light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the effect on photosynthesis if light intensity increases?

A

the rate of photosynthesis will increase, but only to a certain point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why does photosynthesis increase only until a certain point?

A

because either CO2 or the temperature will be a limiting factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the effect of increasing CO2 in photosynthesis?

A

it will increase the rate of photosynthesis up to a point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why does temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis?

A

because it affects the enzymes involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the effect of increasing temperature on photosynthesis?

A

the rate of photosynthesis increases as well until a certain point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what will happen to plants if the temperature is too high (45 degrees)?

A

the plant’s enzymes will be denatured (destroyed), causing the rate of photosynthesis to rapidly decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

usually why is temperature a limiting factor?

A

because it is too low, the plants needs a little bit of warming up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most photosynthesis takes place where?

A

in the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

leaves are designed for what?

A

for making food by photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
describe the diagram of a typical leaf
find the:
- stomata
- waxy cuticle
- chloroplast
- vascular bundle
- palisade layer
- spongy layer
A

handmade flashcard 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are leaves adapted for?

A

for efficient photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why are leafs broad?

A

so that there is a large surface area exposed to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where is most chloroplast found in leafs?

A

in the palisade layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why is most chloroplast found in the palisade layer?

A

so that they are near the top of the leaf where they can get the most light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

leaves have a network of what?

A

of vascular bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are vascular bundles?

A

they are transport vessels: xylem and phloem

31
Q

what does the vascular bundles do?

A

they deliver water and other nutrients to every part of the leaf and take away the glucose produced by photosynthesis. They also help to support the leaf structure

32
Q

what does the waxy cuticle in the leaf help with?

A

it reduces water loss by evaporation

33
Q

how does the adaptations of leaves for efficient gas exchange help photosynthesis?

A

it makes photosynthesis more efficient

34
Q

how is glucose stored by plants?

A

it is stored by starch

35
Q

what are two products from photosynthesis

A

glucose and starch

36
Q

how do you test a leaf for starch?

Practical

A

1) first dunk the leaf in boiling water (hold it with tweezers). This stops any chemical reactions happening inside the leaf
2) now put the leaf in a boiling tube with some ethanol and heat it in an electric water bath until it boils (this gets rid of any chlorophyll and makes the leaf a white-ish colour)
3) rinse the leaf in cold water and add a few drops of iodine solution, if starch is present the leaf will turn blue-black

37
Q

what can’t a plant make if it doesn’t photosynthesise?

A

starch

38
Q

what is starch?

A

a chain of glucose molecules which are bound together. Also, it can be seen as the colour of a leaf

39
Q

experiment to show that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis
(3 steps)

A

1) take a variegated (green and white) leaf from a plant that’s been exposed to light for a bit. Make sure you record which bits are green and which bits aren’t
2) test the leaf for starch. Only the bits that were green turn blue
3) only the parts of the leaf that contained chlorophyll are able to photosynthesise and produce starch

40
Q

experiment to show that CO2 is needed for photosynthesis

4 steps

A

1) find a place with light and place a plant and a soda lime close to each other. Then put a sealed bell jar on top of them.
2) the soda lime will absorb CO2 out of the air in the jar
3) leave the plant in the jar for a while and then test the leaf for starch, and it won’t turn blue-black
4) no starch in leaf -> CO2 is needed for photosynthesise

41
Q

what does the starch test show?

A

where photosynthesis is taking place

42
Q

experiment to show that light is needed in photosynthesis

A

1) you’ll need a plant that’s been grown without any light (e.g a plant that has been inside a cupboard for 48 hours. It will have used its starch stores)
2) cut a leaf from the plant and test it for starch using iodine solution. The leaf won’t turn blue-black
3) this shows light is needed for photosynthesis, since no starch was made

43
Q

what plant can be used to measure the effect of light intensity?

A

Canadian pondweed

44
Q

why is Canadian pondweed used to measure the effect of light intensity

A

because the rate at which the pondweed produces oxygen corresponds to the rate at which it’s photosynthesising

45
Q

practical for showing that oxygen productions shows the rate of photosynthesis
(6 steps)

A

1) the apparatus is set up according to diagram (handmade flashcard 23). The gas syringe should be empty. Sodium hydrogencarbonate may be added to water to make sure the plant has enough carbon dioxide (it releases CO2 in solution)
2) a source of white light is placed at a specific distance from the pondweed
3) the pondweed is left to photosynthesise for a set amount of time. As it photosynthesises, the oxygen released will collect in the capillary tube.
4) at the end of the experiment, the syringe is used to draw the gas bubble in the tube up alongside a ruler and the length of the gas bubble is measured. This is proportional to the volume of O2 produced
5) any variables that could affect the results should be controlled (e.g the temperature and time the pondweed is left to photosynthesise)
6) repeat the experiment with the light source placed at different distances from the pondweed

46
Q

practical for measuring the effect of temperature and CO2 on photosynthesis

A

1) you can use the same apparatus from “practical for showing that oxygen productions shows the rate of photosynthesis” in this experiment
2) put the test tube of pondweed into a beaker of water at a set temperature and CO2 is bubbled into the test tube
3) experiment is repeated with different temperatures of water or concentrations of CO2

47
Q

why are plants important in food chains and nutrient cycles?

A

because they can take minerals from the soil and energy from the sun and turn it into food

48
Q

what are the 3 main mineral ions that plants need for growth?

A
  • nitrate
  • phosphates
  • potassium
49
Q

why do plants need certain elements?

A

so that they can produce important compounds

50
Q

where do plants get important elements to produce important compound?

A

they get the elements from mineral ions in the soil

51
Q

what happens to plants if there aren’t enough minerals ions in the soil?

A

plants suffer deficiency symptoms

52
Q

why do plants need nitrates?

A

for making amino acids and proteins. These are needed for cell growth.

53
Q

what happens if a plants can’t get enough nitrate?

A

it will be stunted and older leaves will turn yellow

54
Q

why do plants need phosphates?

A

for making DNA and cell membranes and they’re needed for respiration and growth.

55
Q

what happens if a plants can’t get enough phosphates?

A

the plants will have poor growth and their older leaves are purple

56
Q

why do plants need potassium?

A

to help enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration

57
Q

what happens if a plants can’t get enough potassium?

A

plants will have poor glower and fruit growth and discoloured leaves

58
Q

the 3 mineral ions (nitrate, phosphates, potassium) are needed in large amounts, but what other element is needed in a smaller amount?

A

magnesium

59
Q

why do plants need magnesium?

A

it is required for making chlorophyll (needed for photosynthesis)

60
Q

what happens if a plants can’t get enough magnesium?

A

they will have yellow leaves

61
Q

what do multicellular organisms need fir transporting substances from A to B?

A

a transport system

62
Q

what do cells in living organisms need to live?

A

a variety of substances (e.g plants need things like water, minerals and sugars, they also need to get rid of waste substances)

63
Q

what happens to waste substances in unicellular organisms?

A

the substances can diffuse directly into and out of the cell across the cell membrane

64
Q

why is the diffusion rate quicker in unicellular organisms?

A

because of the short distances substances have to travel

65
Q

why in multicellular organisms direct diffusion from the outer surface would be too slow?

A

because substances would have to travel large distances to reach every single cell

66
Q

give two examples of multicellular organisms

A

plants and animals

67
Q

why do multicellular organisms need transport systems?

A

to move substances to and from individual cells quickly

68
Q

where does carbon dioxide diffuse in plants?

A

into the leafs

69
Q

what are the two systems in plants transporting substances around?

A

xylem tubes and phloem tubes

70
Q

what does the xylem tubes transport?

A

water and minerals.

They carry water and minerals from the roots up the shoot to leaves in the transpiration stream

71
Q

what does the phloem tube transport?

A

food.
It transports sugars like sucrose and amino acids from where they’re made in the leaves to other parts of the plants (translocation)

72
Q

what is the movement of food substances around the plant called?

A

translocation

73
Q

how is the movement of substances inside a xylem tube?

A

they all move in the same direction

74
Q

how is the movement of substances inside a phloem tube?

A

substance come from different (opposite) direction to meet each other in a specific point

A Biology Mock Study pt2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions