plant nutrition and transport

Question 1

what is photosynthesis

Answer 1

photosynthesis is the process that produces food in plants

Question 2

what is the food that is produced in plants called

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 3

Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of the plant and within the leaves it takes place in the chloroplasts

Question 4

where are chloroplast found

Answer 4

chloroplasts are found in leaf cells

Question 5

what do chloroplasts contain

Answer 5

chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll

Question 6

what does chlorophyll do

Answer 6

chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses it’s energy to convert co2 and h20 to glucose

Question 7

what does photosynthesis convert

Answer 7

photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy

Question 8

what is the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 8

light
carbon dioxide + water —————> glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll

Question 9

what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis

Answer 9

6CO2 + 6H20————-> C6H12O6 + 602

Question 10

what is a limiting factor

Answer 10

a limiting factor is something which stops photosynthesis from happening any faster

Question 11

name some limiting factors

Answer 11

light intensity
co2 conc
temperature

Question 12

what happens if light is the limiting factor meaning that their is not enough light

Answer 12

if light is the limiting factor and there is not enough light then the rate of photosynthesis slows down

Question 13

what happens in a photosynthesis reaction when light intensity is increased

Answer 13

the reaction speeds up-however, it can only increase up to a certain point and then co2 or temp will become the limiting factor

Question 14

what happens if co2 is the limiting factor

Answer 14

if co2 is the limiting factor then the rate of photosynthesis slows down

Question 15

what happens in a photosynthesis reaction when co2 concentration is increased

Answer 15

when co2 concentration is increased this will increase the rate of photosynthesis but only up to a certain point and then after this temp will become the limiting factor as for co2 and light work together

Question 16

what happens if temp is the limiting factor

Answer 16

if temp is the limiting factor then its normally too low of a temp and so therefore the temp needs to be hotter and the rate of reaction slows down

Question 17

what happens if the temp is to hot in a photosynthesis reaction

Answer 17

is the temp is too hot this causes the plants enzymes to be denatured (be destroyed) and will cause the rate of reaction to decrease

Question 18

what are the adpations of leaves

Answer 18

• they’re broad allows there to be a large surface area to light
• They have a waxy cuticle which helps to reduce water loss
• There chloroplasts are located nearest to the top of the leaf is the palisade layer meaning that they get the most light
• They have transport vessels which allow water and nutrients to be delivered to different parts of the leaf
• They have stomata which allows C02 to be let directly into the leaf

Question 19

explain the experiment that tests a leaf for starch

Answer 19

• first you dunk the leaf into boiling water (by holding with tweezers)
• Then put the leaf into a boiling tube with ethanol and place the tube into an electric water bath and heat the tube until it boils (this removes any chlorophyll and makes the leaf white)
• Lastly,rinse the leaf in cold water and after add iodine solution

Question 20

how can you tell if starch is present on the leaf

Answer 20

if present the leaf will turn blue black

Question 21

why is the starch test a good test to show is photosynthesis is taking place

Answer 21

it’s a good test because if there is no starch present it shows that photosynthesis is not taking place as if a plant cannot produce starch then no photosynthesis is occurring

Question 22

what is an experiment to show that co2 is needed for photosynthesis

Answer 22

you will need a sealed jar, soda lime,light and a plant.

1. -Place the plant and the soda leaf into the jar and turn the light on.
2. -Leave the plant and the soda leaf in the sealed jar for a while and then use the test leaf to see if starch is present. Starch will not be present as the soda leaf absorbs the co2 out of the air In the car mean that co2 is needed for photosynthesis as no starch is present.

Question 23

what is an experiment to show that chlorophyll Is needed for photosynthesis

Answer 23

to show that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis you will need green and white leaves- this is because on the leaf only the green part will contain chlorophyll

1. take the leaf and record which bits are green and which bits are white
2. test the leaf for starch-the green bits will go blue black the white bits will not- this shows chlorophyll is present and therefore needed for photosynthesis

Question 24

what are the two products made from photosynthesis

Answer 24

• glucose

- oxygen

Question 25

what do plants take from the soil and the sun’s energy and what do they turn them into to

Answer 25

they take mineral ions and turn them into food

Question 26

what are the three main mineral ions for growth within a plant and what do they contain/do

Answer 26

1. nitrates-contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins and they are needed for cell growth
2. phosphates-contain phosphorus for making DNA and cell membranes and they are needed for respiration and growth
3. potassium-to help the enzymes which are needed for photosynthesis and respiration

Question 27

what happens if the plant does not get enough nitrates

Answer 27

the plant will be stunted and the older leaves will turn yellow

Question 28

what happens if the plant does not get enough phosphate

Answer 28

they have poor root growth and older leaves turn purple

Question 29

what happens if the plant does not get enough potassium

Answer 29

plants will have poor flower and fruit growth and will have discoloured leaves

Question 30

what is the other mineral ion which is not part of the big 3

Answer 30

magnesium-its needed as otherwise the plants would have yellow leaves

Question 31

are plant cells multicellular or single celled

Answer 31

multicellular

Question 32

how do plants move substances to and from individual cells

Answer 32

through transport systems

Question 33

what are the two main transport systems in a plant and what do they do

Answer 33

• xylem-this systems carries water and mineral salts from the roots up to the shoot to the leaves allows plants to get minerals and water.
• phloem-this transports food such as sucrose and amino acids from where they’re made in other parts of the plant

Question 34

what are root hair cells

Answer 34

root hair cells are cells which grow on plant roots snd grow Into long ‘hairs’-they give the plant a bigger surface area fro absorbing water from the soil- as there is usually high conc in the water

Question 35

what is transpiration ,how is it caused and where does it happen

Answer 35

transportation is the loss of water in a plant.
It is caused by diffusion and evaporation from a plants surface
most transpiration happens at the leaves

Question 36

what does transpiration cause

Answer 36

it causes a slight water shortage in the leaf

Question 37

as transpiration causes water loss, how does the plant still have water

Answer 37

xylem vessels replace the losses water but drawing water up from the root and therefore allowing the plant to have water