plant nutrition and transport Flashcards
what is photosynthesis
photosynthesis is the process that produces food in plants
what is the food that is produced in plants called
glucose
where does photosynthesis take place
Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of the plant and within the leaves it takes place in the chloroplasts
where are chloroplast found
chloroplasts are found in leaf cells
what do chloroplasts contain
chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll
what does chlorophyll do
chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and uses it’s energy to convert co2 and h20 to glucose
what does photosynthesis convert
photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy
what is the word equation for photosynthesis
light
carbon dioxide + water —————> glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll
what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20————-> C6H12O6 + 602
what is a limiting factor
a limiting factor is something which stops photosynthesis from happening any faster
name some limiting factors
light intensity
co2 conc
temperature
what happens if light is the limiting factor meaning that their is not enough light
if light is the limiting factor and there is not enough light then the rate of photosynthesis slows down
what happens in a photosynthesis reaction when light intensity is increased
the reaction speeds up-however, it can only increase up to a certain point and then co2 or temp will become the limiting factor
what happens if co2 is the limiting factor
if co2 is the limiting factor then the rate of photosynthesis slows down
what happens in a photosynthesis reaction when co2 concentration is increased
when co2 concentration is increased this will increase the rate of photosynthesis but only up to a certain point and then after this temp will become the limiting factor as for co2 and light work together
what happens if temp is the limiting factor
if temp is the limiting factor then its normally too low of a temp and so therefore the temp needs to be hotter and the rate of reaction slows down
what happens if the temp is to hot in a photosynthesis reaction
is the temp is too hot this causes the plants enzymes to be denatured (be destroyed) and will cause the rate of reaction to decrease
what are the adpations of leaves
- they’re broad allows there to be a large surface area to light
- They have a waxy cuticle which helps to reduce water loss
- There chloroplasts are located nearest to the top of the leaf is the palisade layer meaning that they get the most light
- They have transport vessels which allow water and nutrients to be delivered to different parts of the leaf
- They have stomata which allows C02 to be let directly into the leaf
explain the experiment that tests a leaf for starch
- first you dunk the leaf into boiling water (by holding with tweezers)
- Then put the leaf into a boiling tube with ethanol and place the tube into an electric water bath and heat the tube until it boils (this removes any chlorophyll and makes the leaf white)
- Lastly,rinse the leaf in cold water and after add iodine solution
how can you tell if starch is present on the leaf
if present the leaf will turn blue black
why is the starch test a good test to show is photosynthesis is taking place
it’s a good test because if there is no starch present it shows that photosynthesis is not taking place as if a plant cannot produce starch then no photosynthesis is occurring
what is an experiment to show that co2 is needed for photosynthesis
you will need a sealed jar, soda lime,light and a plant.
- -Place the plant and the soda leaf into the jar and turn the light on.
- -Leave the plant and the soda leaf in the sealed jar for a while and then use the test leaf to see if starch is present. Starch will not be present as the soda leaf absorbs the co2 out of the air In the car mean that co2 is needed for photosynthesis as no starch is present.
what is an experiment to show that chlorophyll Is needed for photosynthesis
to show that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis you will need green and white leaves- this is because on the leaf only the green part will contain chlorophyll
- take the leaf and record which bits are green and which bits are white
- test the leaf for starch-the green bits will go blue black the white bits will not- this shows chlorophyll is present and therefore needed for photosynthesis
what are the two products made from photosynthesis
- glucose
- oxygen
what do plants take from the soil and the sun’s energy and what do they turn them into to
they take mineral ions and turn them into food
what are the three main mineral ions for growth within a plant and what do they contain/do
- nitrates-contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins and they are needed for cell growth
- phosphates-contain phosphorus for making DNA and cell membranes and they are needed for respiration and growth
- potassium-to help the enzymes which are needed for photosynthesis and respiration
what happens if the plant does not get enough nitrates
the plant will be stunted and the older leaves will turn yellow
what happens if the plant does not get enough phosphate
they have poor root growth and older leaves turn purple
what happens if the plant does not get enough potassium
plants will have poor flower and fruit growth and will have discoloured leaves
what is the other mineral ion which is not part of the big 3
magnesium-its needed as otherwise the plants would have yellow leaves
are plant cells multicellular or single celled
multicellular
how do plants move substances to and from individual cells
through transport systems
what are the two main transport systems in a plant and what do they do
- xylem-this systems carries water and mineral salts from the roots up to the shoot to the leaves allows plants to get minerals and water.
- phloem-this transports food such as sucrose and amino acids from where they’re made in other parts of the plant
what are root hair cells
root hair cells are cells which grow on plant roots snd grow Into long ‘hairs’-they give the plant a bigger surface area fro absorbing water from the soil- as there is usually high conc in the water
what is transpiration ,how is it caused and where does it happen
transportation is the loss of water in a plant.
It is caused by diffusion and evaporation from a plants surface
most transpiration happens at the leaves
what does transpiration cause
it causes a slight water shortage in the leaf
as transpiration causes water loss, how does the plant still have water
xylem vessels replace the losses water but drawing water up from the root and therefore allowing the plant to have water
