enzymes and diffusion, osmosis and active transport Flashcards
what is the definition of an enzyme
‘enzymes are catalysts produced by living things”
what is a catalyst
a catalyst is a substance which increase the speed of a reaction without being used up in the rection-this is an enzyme
what are enzymes made up of
proteins
why is it important to know that enzymes are made up of protein
it’s important to know as proteins are made up of chain so of amino acids which can fold into unique shapes which is nessecary for enzymes to do their jobs
whats a substrate
a substrate is a molecule that is used up/ changed in a reaction
what is an active site
an active site is a part within an enzyme molecule where the substrate joins onto the enzyme
why does a substrate have to be the correct shape when fitting into the active site
it has to be the correct shape because other wise it will not fit into the active site and the reaction won’t be able to be sped up
what happens when a warm temperature is added to a reaction
Enzymes like it warm and so the warm temp will give the enzyme more energy and the reaction will speed up.
what happens when the temp becomes too hot?
The enzyme will begin to denature and eventually die
what is the best PH Level for an enzyme to work at
PH 7-Neutral
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is how substances get in and out of a cell. It is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
does diffusion require energy
no, it’s passive
what speeds up the rate of diffusion
- if the difference is concentration is large
- distance,smaller distance less to travel=quicker diffusion
where can diffusion happen
in air/gases (and liquids)
what is osmosis
osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a high solute concentration to a low solute concentration across a partially permeable membrane (less water but more sugar to more water and less sugar )
