Plant Nutrition

Question 1

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 1

Describes organisms able to produce their own food by using small molecules from environment to build large organic molecules—— produce their own food

Question 2

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

Question 3

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide + water
(chlorophyll)
------------->
(Light energy)
Glucose + oxygen

Question 4

Photosynthesis chemical equation

Answer 4

6CO(2)+ 6H(2) —–> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(6)

Question 5

Where does the light energy used in photosynthesis go after glucose and oxygen have been made?

Answer 5

In the glucose molecules as chemical energy

Question 6

When is the light energy from photosynthesis released again from the glucose?

Answer 6

When the glucose are later broken up in respiration

Question 7

Where do plants store their starch?

Answer 7

First in their chloroplasts but then often in their stems and roots too

Question 8

Glucose use in a cell

Answer 8

Energy release in respiration
Conversion to starch & used as an energy store
Conversion into cellulose to make cell walls
W. Addition of mineral ions, conversion into proteins
Conversion into fats

Question 9

Leaves function

Answer 9

Absorb carbon dioxide from air
Absorb sunlight energy which is trapped by chlorophyll
Manufactures carbohydrates
Release waste products & oxygen

Question 10

Which part of plants absorb water from soil

Answer 10

Roots

Question 11

Why is sunlight so important in plants

Answer 11

Sunlight so provides the energy necessary to combine carbon dioxide and water to form carbohydrates. That light energy becomes locked away within the carbohydrate molecule as chemical energy which gets released in respiration

Question 12

What type of energy change takes place in photosynthesis

Answer 12

Light energy is converted into chemical energy

Question 13

Why is glucose changed into starch

Answer 13

Glucose are soluble, affecting concentration so also enzyme action and osmosis within a cell therefore usually converted to insoluble carbohydrates, starch

Question 14

Where is starch stored?

Answer 14

In chloroplasts within cells that are photosynthesising

Question 15

What are glucose first turned into before starch?

Answer 15

Sucrose

Question 16

What does chlorophyll do?

Answer 16

Transfers light energy to chemical energy in molecules for the synthesis of carbohydrates

Question 17

Define the term limiting factor

Answer 17

Something present in environment in such short supply that it restricts life process

Question 18

What is carbon dioxide enrichment

Answer 18

When concentration of carbon dioxide is artificially raised to grow crops

Question 19

Describe the cuticle of the leaf

Answer 19

It is a waxy non-cellular covering to the leaf it is
Water proof
Transparent to allow light to enter
Provides some protection from mechanical forces

Question 20

Describe upper epidermis

Answer 20

Is a single layer of cells that secretes the cuticle and has no chloroplast so allows light to reach cells beneath

Question 21

Palisade cells

Answer 21

A layer or two of closely packed elongated cells w. Water film coating their walls
Are first to receive light
Have greatest concentration of chloroplasts

Question 22

Chloroplasts

Answer 22

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Provide large surface area for uptake of carbon dioxide
Where photosynthesis takes place in cell
Usually convert glucose to starch and store it temporarily

Question 23

Spongy cells -(spongy mesophyll)

Answer 23

Have fewer chloroplasts than palisade cells.
Loosely packed w. Many air (intercellular) spaces between them
Their walls are coated w. a water firm
Carry out some photosynthesis
Allow gases to freely diffuse throughout leaf

Question 24

Which cells are the photosynthesising cells?

Answer 24

Palisade and spongy mesophyll

Question 25

What are the photosynthesising cells also often referred to as?

Answer 25

Mesophyll cells

Question 26

What element do plants need to convert carbohydrates into amino acids

Answer 26

Nitrogen