Chemicals Of Life Flashcards
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Glycerol is a basic unit of what
Oils
What elements do fats contain
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What do amino acids link together to form that then links together to form proteins
Polypeptides
How do you test for starch
Add a few drops of iodine solution to the substance being tested.
Black/blue = starch
Brown = absent
What is simple sugar the basic unit of
Starch and glycogen
What is the basic unit of proteins
Amino acids
What is amino acids the basic unit of
Proteins
What is fatty acids and glycerol the basic units of
Fats and oils
Chemical test for reducing sugars?(maltose and glucose)
Add benedict’s solution, then heat mixture in water bath for 2-3 minutes at 90*C
If either sugar is present it will go red/orange/yellow/green
Blue if neither is present
Chemical test for proteins?
Using biuret solutions 1 and 2. Add equal volumes of solution 1 + 2 to a solution of substance to be tested
Purple = positive
Blue = absent
Chemical test for fats
Emulsion test, ethanol is added to mixture and this is poured into a test tube with an equal amount of distilled water
If positive -milky white emulsion
Carbohydrates use
Energy
Uses of proteins in body
energy, building materials, enzymes, haemoglobin, structural material (muscle), hormones, antibodies
Uses of proteins
Source of Energy, building materials, energy store, insulation, buoyancy, making hormones
Uses of vitamin C
Protect cells from ageing p, production of fibres
Use of vitamin D
Absorption of calcium
Use of iron
Making haemoglobin
Uses of fibre
Provides bulk for faeces, helps peristalsis
Water uses
Chemical reactions, solvents for transport
Lack of vitamin C?
Scurvy; loss of teeth, pale skin and sunken eyes
Lack of calcium?
Rickets; weak bones and teeth, poor clotting of blood, spasms
Lack of vitamin D?
Rickets; weak bones and teeth
Deficiency of iron?
Anaemia; fatigue(less iron–> less haemoglobin –> less oxygen transported –> less respiration –> less energy)
