Plant Morphology Picture Study Flashcards
Root Type
Fibrous root system
Adventitious roots
Root Type
Taproot
with primary and lateral roots
Root Type
Prop roots
(all prop roots are adventitious)
Root Type
Haustorial roots
(parasitic)
Stem Habit
Left: acaulescent
Middle: caulescent
Right Top: prostrate
Right Bottom: decumbent
Twig Parts
Top: Terminal (apical) bud
Left side top to bottom: stipule scar, lenticels, leaf scar
Right side top to bottom: lateral (axillary) bud, node, internode, vascular bundle scars, terminal bud scale scars
Bud Type
Top left to right: psdeudoterminal bud, and infrapetiolar
Bottom left to right: naked, collateral, superposed
Branching Pattern
Top: monopodial
Bottom: sympodial
Stem Type
bulb
Stem Type
caudex
Stem Type
caudiciform
Stem Type
corm
Stem Type
tendril
Stem Type
thorn
Stem Type
fascicle/ short shoot
Stem Type
cladode
Stem Type
cladode
stolon
Stem Type
tuber
Stem Type
rhizome
Leaf Structural Type
Left: scale
Middle: leaf spine
Right: stipular spine
Leaf Structural Type
Left: petiolar spine
Right: unifacial leaf
Leaf Parts/Types
Leaf Parts:
Left: stipules
Right: petiole
Leaf Type:
Simple
Leaf Parts/Types
Leaf Parts
Top left: leaflet
Top right: rachis
Right: midvein
Bottom: petiolule
Leaf Types
Left: Pinnately compound (imperipinnate)
Right: palmately compound
Leaf Parts/Types
Leaf Parts
Left: rachilla (rachillae plural)
Top right: petiolule
Bottom right: rachis
Leaf Type
bipinnately compound
Leaf Parts/Types
Leaf Type
Left: palmate- ternate
Right: trifoliolate or pinnate-ternate
Leaf Parts/ Types
Leaf Types
Left: unifoliolate
Right: geminate-pinnate
Leaf Attachment
Left to Right:
petiolate
sessile
sheathing
decurrent
Leaf Attachment
Left to Right:
amplexicaul
perfoliate
connate-perfoliate
Leaf Venation
Left: pinnate-netted
Right: palmate-netted
Leaf Venation
Left: parallel
Right: penni-parallel
Leaf Shape
Left: acicular
Right: eniform
Leaf Shape
Left: linear
Middle: narrowly oblong
Right: oblong
Leaf Shape
Left: lanceolate
Middle left: lance-ovate
Middle right: ovate
Right: widely ovate
Leaf Shape
Left: oblanceolate
Middle: oblance-ovate
Right: obovate
Leaf Shape
Left: narrowly elliptic
Middle: elliptic
Right: orbicular
Leaf Shape
Left: narrowly triangular
Middle: triangular
Right: cordate / cordiform
Leaf Shape
Left: falcate
Middle: reniform
Right: spatulate
Leaf Shape (3D)
From Left to Right:
capitate
filiform
pilate
terete
clavate
Apex Shape
Left side: Left to Right
acuminate
narrowly acute
Right Top:
acute
obtuse
Right Bottom:
rounded
emarginate
Base Shape
Top, Left to Right:
attenuate
narrowly cuneate
cuneate
Bottom, Left to Right:
reniform
hastate
Base Shape
Top:
obtuse
truncate
Bottom:
sagittate
auriculate
Base Shape
Top:
rounded
cordate
Bottom:
oblique
peltate
Margin
Left to RIght:
entire
serrate
doubly serrate
dentate
Margin
Left to Right:
crenate
ciliate
filiferous
Posture: Transverse
Left: incurved
Right: recurved
Division
Left to Right:
pinnately lobed
pinnately cleft
pinnately parted
pinnately divided
decompound
General Position
Top Left: adaxial (ventral)
Right: distal (apex)
Bottom Left: proximal (basal)
Right: abaxial (dorsal)
Division
Left to Right:
palmately lobed
palmately cleft
palmately parted
palmately divided
Posture: Longitudinal
Left to Right:
conduplicate
revolute
Flower General Position
Top: posterior (adaxial)
Bottom: anterior (abaxial)
Posture: Longitudinal
Left to Right:
cup-shaped (abaxially concave)
undulate
plicate
Leaf Arrangement
Left to Right:
alternate spiral
alternate distichous
opposite decussate
Leaf Specialized Position
Left to Right:
cauline
acrocaulis
basal/ radical
Leaf Arrangement
Left to Right:
fasciculate
whorled
equitant
Apical Process
Left to Right:
apiculate
aristate
cirrhose
mucronate
Apical Process
Left to Right:
mucronulate
spinose/ pungent
Orientation
Top to Bottom:
appressed
ascending
inclined
horizontal (divergent)
reclined
descending
depressed
Orientation
Top: erect
Bottom: pendant/ pendulous
Configuration
Left: rugose/ bullate
Right: aculeate/ prickly
Epidermal Excrescence
papillate/ verrucate/ tuberculate
Vestiture
Top:
sericeous
hispid
Bottom:
pilose
pubescent
Vestiture
Top:
strigulose
lanate/ villous
Bottom:
tomentose
scabrous
Bristle Types
Left to Right:
uncinate/ hooked
barbed/ barbellate
plumose
Trichome Types
Left to Right:
pilate
capitate
(together these are glandular)
peltate
stellate (this one is sessile)
Perianth Types
Left to Right:
bilabiate (top= tube, bottom= throat)
campanulate
cruciate
Perianth Type
Top to Bottom:
cucullate (hooded)
spurred
salverform
tubular
Perianth Type
Left to Right:
infundibular
rotate
urceolate
unguiculate (top=blade, bottom= claw)
Calyx Fusion (top line)
Corolla Fusion (bottom line)
Left to Right: written as Calyx:Corolla
aposepalous: apopetalous
aposepalous: sympetalous
synsepalous: apopetalous
synsepalous: sympetalous
Flower Symmetry
Top Left to Right:
radial/ actinomorphic
bilateral/ zygomorphic
Bottom:
biradial
Perianth Cycly
Left: biseriate-dichlamydeous
Right: biseriate- homochlamydeous
Perianth Aestivation
Left to Right:
valvate
convolute/ contorted
quincuncial
Stamen Types/Parts
Left:
Parts: anther and filament
Type: filamentous
Right:
Type: laminar
Stamen Arrangement
Left to RIght:
didynamous
tetradynamous
whorled; 3 long, 3 short
Stamen Cycly
Left to Right:
uniseriate
uniseriate
biseriate
Stamen Insertion
Left: inserted
Right: exserted
Stamen Position
Left to RIght:
antisepalous/alternipetalous
antipetalous/alternisepalous
diplostemonous (top whorl anitpetalous and bottom whorl antisepalous)
Stamen Fusion
Left to Right:
epipetalous
diadelphous
monadelphous
syngenesious
Left to Right:
longitudinal
poricidal
valvular
Left to Right:
basifixed
dorsifixed
subbasifixed
versatile (this one is basifixed versatile)
Left to Right:
extrorse
introrse
latrorse
Gynoecial Fusion
Left to Right:
apocarpous
syncarpous
syncarpous
syncarpous
unicarpellous
Left to Right:
3
3
2 (fused, seen with 2 stigma & styles)
4
1
Ovary Position
Left to RIght:
superior
superior
inferior
inferior
half-inferior
Perianth-Androecial Position
Left to Right:
hypogynous
perigynous
epigynous
epiperigynous
epihypogynous
Placentation
Left to Right:
axile
parietal
free-central
marginal
parietal-axile
apical/pendulous
apical-axile
Left: terminal
Right: gynobasic
Inflourescence Type
Left: Corymb (simple)
Right: Compound umbel (indeterminate)
Inflourescence Type
Left: raceme
Middle: spike
Right: simple dichasium
Inflourescence Type
Left: compound dichasium
Right: corymb (compound)
Inflourescence Type
Left: panicle
Middle: thyrse
Right: verticillaster
Inflourescence Type
Left: helicoid cyme
Middle: scorpioid cyme
Right: head/capitulum
Part on head = phyllary
Inflourescence Type
spikelet
Inflourescence Type
Left: hypanthodium
Part: compound receptacle
Right: cyathium
Inflourescence Type
spadix with spathe
part = spadix
Fruit Type
- achenecetum
- samara
- legume
- drupe
- silique & silicle
Fruit Type
- circumscissle capsule
- follicle
- pome
- hesperidium
- achene
- bur
Fruit Type
- drupecetum
- poricidal capsule
- loculicidal capsule
- grain
Fruit Type
- schizocarp of mericaps
- pepo
- schizocarp of nutlets
- nut
Fruit Type
- sorosis
