Plant Form and Function 1 Flashcards
Where does plant growth occur?
In the apical meristems
What are the two apical meristems?
- Root apical meristem
- Shoot apical meristem
-for primary growth
-axial growth
-ground, vascular, dermal tissue
What is secondary growth?
Lateral meristems that add thickness to woody plants
What are the two lateral meristems?
- Vascular Cambium
-Adds vascular tissues - Cork Cambium
-Makes it thick and tough
The dermal tissue system in non-woody plants consists of?
The epidermis
What does the cuticle do?
Prevents water loss
What replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots in woody plants?
Periderm
What are trichomes?
Hair-like structures of the shoot epidermis that help reduce water loss and insect defence
-Can also help prevent the plant from drying out and can increase humidity closer to the leaf/stem surface
What does vascular tissue do?
Long distance transport of materials between roots and shoots as well as mechanical support
-Xylem: transports water
-Phloem: transports nutrients
What is the vascular tissue of a stem/root?
The stele
aka the centre of the root or stem
A vascular cylinder divided into vascular bundles and strands of xylem and phloem
What is ground tissue?
Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular
What is the least specialized plant cell?
Parenchyma
Are parenchyma walls thick or thin?
Thin and flexible
-they lack secondary walls
What does parenchyma do?
Performs metabolic functions
Are collenchyma cell walls thick or thin?
Thick and uneven
Is collenchyma alive or dead?
Alive
What does collenchyma help support?
Young parts of the plant shoot
What gives celery its crunch?
Collenchyma
Are sclerenchyma cell walls thick or thin?
Thick
Is sclerenchyma alive or dead at maturity?
Dead
What are the two types of sclerenchyma?
- Sclereids
-Short and irregular in shape - Fibers
-Long and slender
-Internal to the vascular tissue =
-External to the vascular tissue =
Pith
Cortex
