Plant Exam Flashcards
example of fungi in this group are penicillium and aspergillus
Deuteromycetes
This organism grows on a wide variety of hosts, and is responsible for mildew, yeast infections, dutch elm disease
Ascomycetes
produces a large egg cell, swims after fertilization, and is responsible for the potato blight of 1845-1847 in ireland
Oomycetes
produces large basido spores
Basidomycetes
grows in sheets of filaments and is used to produce agar and carrageen
Red Algae
The Ancestor to green plants
Green algae
simple moss which grow low to the ground and require water for reproduction
Brophyte
ferns, horsetails
Lower vascular plants
Plants which flower and produce seeds
Angiosperms
naked seed plants such as pines
Gymnosperms
a group of plants with separate male and female plants which produce fan shaped leaves.
Gingko
an ancient plant which resembles a palm tree. There plants were around with the dinosaurs
Cycads
Produces one cotyledon upon sprouting. Leaf veins are parallel and flower parts are in multiples of 3
Monocot
produces two cotyledons upon sprouting . Leaf veins are in a net pattern and flower parts are in multiples of 4 or 5
Dicot
many year life cycle
Perennial
woody plants which drop their leaves in the fall, or dryer season.
deciduous
a carrot or dandelion produce this type of root, which stores a large amount of starch.
Taproot
a highly branched root, which stores less starch
Fibrous root
a root found in an unusual place
Adventitious Root
where water and minerals are absorbed into the root
Root hairs
growing tip of a shoot or root
Apical Meristem
Point of leaf attachment
Node
a bundle of tissue which is usually dormant but can develop into branch shoots. they are seen in the angle between the stem and leaf.
Axillary Bud
runners which send down roots and produce new plants
Stolons
the underground stem of a potato plant
Tubers
a waxy layer on the leaf surface which prevents the leaf from dying out
Cuticle
Where most of the photosynthesis in a leaf occurs
Palisade Mesophy 2
regulate gas exchange and are composed of 2 guard cells which swell and shrink in relation to water availability in the plant
Stomata
A gas or hormone, which causes fruit to ripen
Ethylene
a hormone produced in the upper 4 inches of the shoot, and causes growth by cell elongation.
Auxin
hormone that initates and maintains dormancy
Abscisic acid
directional growth in a plant due to contact with an object
Thigmotropism
the length of daylight and darkness, which effect the growth of a plant the flowering of a plant
Photoperiodism
vascular tissue which moves water and mineral up in the plant
Xylem
Vascular tissue which moves sugar down in a plant
Phloem
a plant movement due to external stimuli
Nastic Response
The movement of water molecules through a plant. The chain advances one molecule as water molecule evaporates from a leaf.
Transpiration
The sticky top of the carpel
Stigma
The slender stalk of the carpel
Style
a modified portion of the stem to which flowers are attached
Receptacle
the male reproductive portion of a flower
Stamen
a saclike structure, which produces pollen on a stamen
Anther
green leaf like parts, which protect the bud as the flower, develops within
Sepal
a mature ovary which contains seeds. the fleshy material helps other animals eat it and disperse the seeds
Fruit
the starchy, nutritive material in a speed which nourishes the plant embryo
Endosperm
the fertilization of polar nuclei, which will become endosperm and the formation of the plant ebryo
Double Fertilization
the embryonic stem which support the plant
Hypocotyl 1
the portion of the embryo which bears young leaves or the plumules
Epicotyl 1
concertric rings of xylem
wood
an impermeable layer of lignin and suberin which forces water and minerals to move through root cells, not between root cells
Casparian Strip
a component of the bark of a woody plant
Cork
are a symbiotic association of fungi and algae
Lichens
the male gametophyte of an angiosperm
Pollen
Ie mushrooms and club fungi
Basidomycetes
Kelp is the largest form of the algae
Brown algae
the space on the stem between the nodes
Internode
the force that causes a root a grow down and a shoot to grow up
Gravitotropism
a large vertical root, which stores starch
Taproot
branched , stores less starch
Fibrous
the site of water and mineral absorption
Root hairs
Root growing in unusual places
Adventitious Roots
Vegetative shoots with leaves, floral shoots and flowers
Shoot system
point of leaf attachment
Node
stem segment with out leaves
Internodes
found in the ankle between the leaf and stem usually dormant embryonic side shoots
Axillary Bud
Tip of the shoot - an apical meristem
apex
developing leaves compact area of nodes and internodes
Terminal Bud
evolutionary adaptation that leads to taller growth and increase exposure to light
Apical Dominance
horizontal stems which grow on the ground surface
Stolon
Horizontal stems which grow under ground
Rhizomes
Ie . tulip or onion
bulbs
main photosynthetic organ
leaves
