Cell Organelle, Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis Study Guide Flashcards
First to invent a microscope and look at dead cork cells
Robert Hooke
Perfected the microscope and the first to look at living things
Anton Von
Bacterial cells with no true nucleus and no membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes
Cells with a true nucleus, membrane bound organelles, they are larger than bacteria, and gave rise to plants, animal,and protists.
Eukaryotes
A lipids composed of carbon rings.it water proofs cell membranes and can be converted into estrogen and testosterone
Cholesterol
The model of the cell membrane that state that the membrane is composed of many different protein and phospholipids that move in a fluid manner
Fluid mosaic model
A sugar protein complex that acts As a chemical receptor and transport pore for molecules needed and pumped into cell
Glycoproteins
The membrane keeps unwanted material out of the cell water can move freely in or out the cell the organelles are held in and pores are necessary for the movement of larger molecules into and out of the cell
Semi permeable membrane
Highly coiled DNa seen only during cell division
Chromosome
DNA not tightly coiled. Chromatin is the form DNA is in when the cell is actively living and producing protein
Chromatin
The process cells use to engulf food particles and take them into the cell
Phagocytosis
A process similar to phagocytosis used to take water into a cell
Pinocytosis
This fiber composes a support mesh work in the cell similar to steel girders in a building. Stable, gives a cell it’s shape.
Intermediate Filament
Composed of acting, these filaments move cell organelle
Micro filament
This organelle completes, packages, stored and distributes proteins
Golgi apparatus
This organelle is used to make protein
Ribosomes
Ribosomes on its surface make it appear rough. It is used to fold and Fnish proteins.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Made of tubulin, move organelles.
Micro tubules
Is used to synthesize lipids,detoxify drugs and alcohol, and transport mRNA
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle the size of bacteria , has two membranes,one prokaryotic, has its own DNA and makes ATP
Mitochondria
An organelle the size of bacteria has two membrane one prokaryotic, uses sun light energy and co2 to make sugar
Chloroplast
Removes excess water from protists such as an amoeb
Contractile vacuole
A measure of the amount of disorder in a system
Entropy
A non protein molecule required for some enzymes to function
Coenzyme
The amount of energy needed to bring the reactants together and make a reaction go
Activation energy
The same concentration of salt, sugar, or solid on both sides of the membrane
Isotonic
A low solid concentration outside the cell. Water rushes in the cell. Turgor pressure in a plant cell the cell burst in an animal cell or lysis
Hypotonic
A higher solid concentration outside the membrane it causes animal cells to shrink or cremate . Plant cells plasmolyse
Hypertonic
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
The movement of water from an area of lower particle concentration to higher particle concentration the water tries to dilute something.
Osmosis
They carry electrons
Ndah and fade are electron carriers
The first step in cellular respiration the starting molecule is glucose ending molecule is pyuvate. Purpose is to make pyuvate.
Glycolysis
Why are you breathing ?
O2 is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain .02 is more electroneagtive than the cytochrome protein ,so 02 pulls the electrons down to it . Oxygen combines with H to form water.
The purpose of fermentation
Is to recycle nadh to nAD+ so it can be returned to glycolysis
Two ATP molecules are used to start glycolysis
4 more are produced
The purpose of the kerns cycle
Is to load electron carriers or nAD+ and FAD
The Krebs cycle continues cycling
As long as there as there are fad and nAD+ available
The electron transport chain
Produces the most ATP of all of the cycles in cellular respiration
The high kinetic energy of the h+ ion as it passes through the ATP synthase protein
Is used to make ATP h+ ions are pumped through cytochrome protein as electrons pass over them
Cellular respiration occurs
In the mitochondrial of plants and animals
The light reaction of photosynthesis occurs
On the membrane of the thylakoid. Stacks of thylakoids are called granna
Carbon dioxide is reduced fixed into organic compound and rubp is regenerated in the light
Independent reaction or the Calvin benson cycle
A
ATP nadph2 and water are split in the light reaction of photosynthesis
Photosystem 1 produces
Nadph2
Photosystem 2 produces
ATP
3 turns of the Calvin cycle
Produce 1 molecule of pgal which is used to form glucose
Plants don’t need?
Sunlight photosynthesis cellular respiration doesn’t need sunlight
C6H1206 + 602 -> 6c02 + 6h20 + energy
Is cellular respiration
6co2 + 6 h20 + energy-> c6h1206 + 6 02
Is photosynthesis
A gel like material containing protein sugars fats and amino acids needed by the cell
Cytoplasm
Micro bodies or peroxisomes contain
Enzymes to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
Chemical reactions who’s reactants do not contain more energy than the product and gives off excess energy in the form of hear of light
Exergonic reaction s
Chemical reaction who’s reactants do not contain very much energy energy must be added to overcome the activation energy and drive the reaction
Endergonic reactions
