Organ system study Guide Flashcards
are blood proteins and there are 3 varieties. alpha globulins are produced in the liver and have an immune function. beta globulins are produced by te liver and transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins.
gamma globulins are formed by lymphocyces and have an immune function
Globulins
are small blood proteins which provide osmotic pressure and draw fluid out of surrounding tissue
Albumins
is made in the liver, comprises 4% of blood plasma protein and is converted to fibrin to form clots.
Fibrinogen
a foreign substance which stimulates the immune response
Antigen
a protein secreted by a B cell that binds to an antigen and marks it for destruction by macrophages
Antibody
has a thin layer of smooth muscle , valves, and blood flowing at low pressure & velocity
vein
has a thick layer of smooth muscle , no valves, and blood flwing with high pressure and velocity
Artery
the site of gas exchange with tissue. capillaries are narrow one cell layer thick, and allow blood to flow through in a single file row.
Capillary
this structure is part of the lymph system, acts as a filter, contains phagocytic cells, cleans lymph fluid and swells when you are sick.
Lymph Node
are found between an atrium and a ventricle
Atrioventricular Valves
is found at the base of the aorta
The aortic semilunar valve
is found at te base of the pulmonary artery
The pulmonary semilunar
are thread like tendons attached to the papillary muscle in the ventricle of the heart and the atrioventricular valve . they prevent the valve from blowing open like an umbrella in a wind storm.
Chordae Tenineae
respiratory tube lined with cartilage and leads to the bronchial tubes of the lungs
Trachea
branches of the bronchial tubes in each lungs
Bronchioles
air sacs in the lung which are surrounded by capillaries and are the site of gas exchange in the lung.
Alveoli
connects the nasal cavity throat and larynx
Pharynx
is the study of the precise amounts of nutrients and calories needed daily for healthy living
Nutriotion
are organic compounds needed for growth and metabolism not manufactured by animals and are found in a balanced diet
vitamins
amino acids which can not be produced in animals. there are 8
Essential amino acid
the digestive tract starting with the mouth, and ending with the anus
Alimentary canal
stores and condenses bile
Gall Bladder
produces about 2 liters of bile per day
Liver
produce saliva and salivary amylase which begins starch digestion
salivary Glands
secretes insulin, glucagon, bicarbonate, trypsin, and other enzymes which aid digestion
Pancreas
stores and chruns food, and has a low PH to digest connective tissue in meats and other foods ,and to kill some bacteria, churned food is called chyme
stomach
lined with microvilli, digests macromolecules and absorbs nutrients
Small intestine
is lined with phagocytic cells has immune function, and is at the juncture of the large and small intestine
Appendix
absorbs salt water and stores feces until they can ben released form the body
colon
removed excess water and toxins for the blood stream and produces urine
Kidney
thin tube with smooth muscle in its wall. conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
a gland with a duct. ex silk gland or mild gland
Exocrine gland
no duct. the glandular product is secreted directly into the extracellular fluid surrounding the gland
Endocrine Gland
a chemical messenger which causes a change to occur in the cell that it targets . ex bone cell will grow when exposed to growth hormones
Hormone
a gland with many lobes, one disappears at maturity, produces several hormones and is found at the center of the brain
Pituitary
a group of nerves at the base of the brain , produces several hormones, and stores in the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
produces thyroxin a hormone which regulates growth and metabolism. Iodine is necessary of the production of thyroxin
Thyroid gland
enlarged thyroid due to a lack of iodine in the diet
Goiter
embedded in the thyroid it produces calcatonin which regulates blood levels of calcium and deposits excess calcium in bone
Parathyroid
regulates salt concentrations in blood and urine
Aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone- conserves water, and produces a more concentrated urine
ADH
A urinary tract infection
Cystitis
upper arm bone under the biceps
Humorus
the collar bone
Clavicle
the larger bone in the lower leg
Tibia
produces adrenaline or epinephrine. increase blood sugar levels, faster breathing less sugar to the stomach and intestines. sets you up for the fight of flight reflex, or gives you the energy to do something.
Adrenal Medulla
produces cortisol or hydrocortisone speeds up metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, reduces inflammation of red, swollen tissue
Adrenal Cortex
in the mid brain it controls reproductive cycles, moods, and onset of puberty indirectly connected to the optic nerve, so it can sense light and dark. produces melatonin in the dark, which cause you to fall asleep. causes sad or seasonal affected disorder. tired and sluggish in the dark winter months. cure - 100w light bulb, and sit by if for about 15 min. turns off melatonin production and you feel more awake.
Pineal Gland
Produces bicaronate to increase the PH of the small intestine closer to 7 so enzymes can work. produces insulin which causes liver cells to take up sugar and store it as glycongen, produces glucagon which convert glycogen in the liver back to glucose which is release to the blood and body.
Pancreas
received stimulus in a nerve
Dendrite
Carries a nerve stimulus over long distances in a nerve
AXon
a cell that wraps around the axon. it pysically supports it and diffuses nutrients in to it.
Schwann cell
French of buttons. blubs at the end of the axon that release neurotransmitter from one neuron to the next
Boutons
the thin filament in a muscle fiber . it looks like a string of pearls. myosin heads bind to active sites on it cause muscle contraction.
Actin
The thick filament in a muscle fiber it like a bunch of golf club heads
Myosin
a rope like protein that covers that active sites on actin. when tropomyosin is in place the muscle does not contract
Tropomyosin
skeleton arm, hand leg, foot, pectoral girdle (scapula - shoulder blade and clavicle- collar bond.
Appendicular
skul, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
Axial Skeleton
a bone cell
Osteocyte
a unit of contraction in a muscle
sarcomere
180 degrees of motion ie knee elbow
Hinge Joint
360 degrees of motion Ie hip, shoulder Joints
ball and socket joint
looks spongy, contains marrow and produces blood cells. found at the end of the bone
spongy bone
dense and strong. found in the shaft of middle of a bone
compact bone
j
Dendrite
j
Axon
j
Schwann cell
j
actin
d
myosin
j
calcium
