plant diversity Flashcards
describe characteristics of a fern
flagellated sperms
xylem with vessels
separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations
no seeds
describe characteristics of moss
- they can grow in very harsh environments
- they can tolerate drying out
- peat in a by-product of the growth of certain moss
- moss lacks a vascular system
- a symbiosis between a moss and a fungus is known as mycorrhizal associations
what are diatoms
unicellular algae
major component of phytoplankton
member of SAR group of protist
what is golden algae
biflagellate
components of freshwater and marine plankton
dinobryon is a colonial golden alga in fresh water
member of SAR group of protist
what is brown algae
largest and most complex algae
multicellular
marine (seaweed)
member of SAR group of protist
who are members of the archeaplastida classification of protists
red algae
chlorolphytes
charophytes
plants
what is red algae
red due to an accessory pigment call phycoerythrin, masks the green chlorophyll
multicellular
largest seaweed
what are charophytes
land plants evolved from green algae
what are the four key traits that appear in all plants
- alternation of generations - multicellular, dependent embryos
- walled spores produced in sporangia
- multicellular gametangia
- apical meristems
what is alternation of generations
the change in generation between haploid and diploid form
plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a reproductive cycle called…
alternation of generations
when diploid cells called sporocytes undergo meiosis what do they generate
haploid spores
what are nonvascular plants commonly called
bryophytes
what is larger and lives longer between gametophytes or sporophytes
gametophytes
bryophytes are represented today by three phyla of small herbaceous (nonwoody) plants called…
- phylum hepatophyta - liverworts
- phylum anthocerophyta - hornworts
- phylum bryophyta - mosses
what are the smallest and simplest sporophytes of all extant plant groups
bryophyte sporophytes
do moss have a vascular system
no
what are living vascular plants characterized by
- life cycles with dominant sporophytes
- vascular tissues called xylem and phloem
- well-developed roots and leaves
what two types of tissue do vascular plants have
xylem - minerals and water
phloem - living cells and transports sugars, amino acids and organic products
sporophylls are modified leaves with
sporangia
euglenids have one or two ______ that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell
flagella
in brown algae, the _____ anchors the stemlike ________, which in turn supports the leaflike ________
holdfast
stipe
blades
_____ _____ called charophytes are the closest relatives of _______
green algae
land plants
plants alternate between two ______ stages, a reproductive cycle called _____ __ ________
multicellular
alternation of generations
plants sustain continual growth in their _____ _______
apical meristems
_______, which include _______, hornworts and liverworts have life cycles dominated by the haploid ______ stage
bryophytes
mosses
gametophyte
vascular plants have life cycles dominated by the ______ stage
sporophyte
angiosperm megaspores usually have how many integuments
two
