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BY4002 > genes > Flashcards

genes Flashcards

1
Q

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA:

A

contains ribose as its sugar
contains uracil instead thymine

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2
Q

if one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5’-ATTGCA-3’, what would the other strand be

A

3’-TAACGT-5’

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3
Q

a particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AGT. the corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is

A

UCA

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4
Q

A recessive allele on the X chromosome is responsible for red-green colour blindness in humans. A woman with normal vision whose father is colour-blind marries a colour-blind male. What is the probability that this couple’s son will be colour-blind?

A

50%

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5
Q

In a population which is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.4. What is the percentage of the population which is heterozygous Aa for this allele?

A

0.48%

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6
Q

one major difference between prokaryotic genes and eukaryotic genes

A

prokaryotic genes generally have introns and exons

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7
Q

the pairing of purines with pyrimidines in DNA results in

A

formation of the base pairs A to T and C to G

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8
Q

what is Chargaff’s rule

A

DNA should have a 1:1 ratio

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9
Q

what is transcription

A

process of making RNA from DNA

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10
Q

what is translation

A

process of making RNA into protein

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11
Q

how many types of RNA polymerase has prokaryotic systems

A

one

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12
Q

what do eurkaryotic systems use RNA polymerase II for

A

production of mRNA encoding proteins

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13
Q

eukaryotic RNA require extensive processing before

A

translation

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14
Q

new amino acids are carried into the ribosome linked to

A

tRNA

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15
Q

regarding translation - the synthesis process is carried out by

A

the ribosome

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16
Q

regarding translation - what is the smallest subunit of the ribosome

A

mRNA

17
Q

regarding translation - where is the growing site for the polypeptide

A

P or A

18
Q

what is a karyotype

A

an ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell. karyotyping shows that the chromosomes are normal in number and appearance

19
Q

how many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell

A

two sets of chromosomes

20
Q

how many sets of chromosomes are in a A gamete (sperm or egg) cell

A

single set of chromosomes

21
Q

for humans, what is the haploid number

A

23

22
Q

what does allele frequency mean

A

different versions of the same gene

23
Q

what is a genotype

A

genetic makeup of an organism

24
Q

what is a phenotype

A

physical makeup of an organism
(expression of the genotype)

25
Q

what is the goal of a testcross

A

to tell the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype

26
Q

why did gregor mendel use pea plants

A

reproduce quickly
easily control how they mate
achieve large number of offspring
easy traits to study

27
Q

what is the locus of a gene

A

position of the gene on a chromosome

28
Q

what is mendels law of segregation

A

alleles pairs separate during gamete formation, and reunite randomly at fertilization

29
Q

what is mendels law of independent assortment

A

during meiosis, two genes of a pair sort independently into gametes, regardless of how other chromosomes are sorted

30
Q

what is epistasis

A

a gene at one locus alters the phenotype expression of a gene at a second locus
- One gene determines the pigment colour (with alleles B for black and b for brown).
- The other gene (with alleles C for colour and c for no colour) determines whether the pigment will be deposited in the hair.

31
Q

describe morgans fruit fly experiment

A

Morgan mated male flies with white eyes (mutant) with female flies with red eyes (wild type).
The F1 generation all had red eyes.
The F2 generation showed the 3:1 red:white eye ratio, but only males had white eyes.
Morgan determined that the white-eyed mutant allele must be located on the X chromosome.
Morgan’s finding supported the chromosome theory of inheritance.

32
Q

what does deletion do

A

removes a chromosomal segment

33
Q

what does duplication do

A

repeats a chromosomal segment

34
Q

what does inversion do

A

reverses a segment within a chromosome

35
Q

what does translocation do

A

moves a segment from one chromosome to another

36
Q

what is natural selection

A

individuals with certain heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals

37
Q

what is the hardy-weinberg principle

A

Describes a population that is not evolving.

If a population does not meet the criteria of the Hardy-Weinberg principle, it can be concluded that the population is evolving

BY4002 (12 decks)

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