PLANT DIVERSITY

Question 1

What are the two major groups for plant adaptations?

Answer 1

• Non- vascular plants
• Vascular plants

Question 2

What is Non- vascular plants?

Answer 2

Non- vascular plants lack vascular tissue formed of specialized cells for the transport of water and nutrients.
- They are not as efficient

Question 3

What is bryophytes (NON- VASCULAR PLANTS)? provide examples

Answer 3

seedless non- vascular plants

Examples: liveworts, hornworts and mosses

Question 4

What are the differences between liveworts and hornworts?

Answer 4

• liveworts have lobe - shaped leaves similar to the shape of a human liver
• hornworts have a protruding horn- like structure

Question 5

what are mosses?

Answer 5

Live in environments ranging from the tundra to understory of tropical forests

Question 6

what are seedless vascular plants

Answer 6

• have a network of cells that conduct water and solutes through the plant body
• first vascular plants similar to modern ferns
• modern seedless vascular plants include lycophytes and pterophytes

Question 7

What is the difference between xylem and phloem?

Answer 7

XYLEM: the vascular tissue responsible for long- distance transport of water and minerals, also stores water and nutrients

PHLOEM: the vascular tissue which transports sugar and proteins through the plant

Question 8

What are roots?

Answer 8

Have prominent vascular tissue system, transfer water and minerals from the soil to the rest of the plant, act as anchor for trees

Question 9

What is the difference between lycophtyes and pterophytes

Answer 9

LYCOPHYTES: club mosses are small evergreen

PTEROPHYTES: horsetails are found in damp environments like marshes; have needle- shaped leaves and most photosynthesis occurs in the the stem.

Question 10

What is the difference between gynosperms and angiosperms?

Answer 10

GYNOSPERMS: produce “naked seeds”
ANGIOSPERMS: flowering plants which protect their seeds inside chambers in the centre of a flower

Question 11

What are gynosperms? Provide examples.

Answer 11

• are diverse group of seed plants
• not descended from a single common ancestor

Examples: tall trees with scaly/needle - like leaves covered with waxy cuticle ( conerfers, pine, spruce, fir, cedar, larch, tamarack, cycads, gingophyte, gnetophytes

Question 12

What are angiosperm flowers?

Answer 12

Plant’s sexual organs are located in flower’s
centre
* Flowers evolved to attract insects to enable plant
fertilization
* Enables distribution of pollen to female plant
gametophytes in highly organized way by insects

Question 13

What is the difference between Monoecious and Diecious?

Answer 13

MONOECIOUS: Plant have both male and female gametes on each flower

DIECIOUS: plants have only male or female gametes on each flower

Question 14

What is angiosperm fruit?

Answer 14

• Protects the developing embryo and serve as an agent of dispersal
• the seed forms in an ovary, which enlarges as the seed grows

Question 15

What are the two category of angiosperm fruit?

Answer 15

Fleshy fruit and dry fruit

Question 16

What is the difference between fleshy fruit and dry fruit?

Answer 16

FLESHY FRUIT: berries, peaches apples, grapes and tomatoes

DRY FRUIT: rice, wheat and nuts

Question 17

What are three groups angiosperm seed dispersal originate from?

Answer 17

• monocots
• dicots
  -magnollidae

Question 18

What are monocots? Provide examples.

Answer 18

• have one leaf present in a seedling
• flower parts are arranged in three or six-fold symmetry

Example: orchids, grasses, and palms, rice, corn, sugar cane, bananas and pineapple

Question 19

What is cotyledon?

Answer 19

The one (monocot) or two (dicot) primitive leaves present in a seed

Question 20

What is dicots? Provide examples.

Answer 20

have two cotyledons ( two primitive leaves present in seedling). Flower parts are arranged in 4,5, or many whorls

• vascular tissue forms a ring in the stem

Examples: forget - me- not, cabbage, dandelion, maple tree, oak tree, birch tree