plant diseases and defences Flashcards

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1
Q

how do aphids cause damage to plants?

A

they use their sharp mouthparts to extract sap from plant phloem, weakening the plant, also vectors who transfer pathogens to healthy plants

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2
Q

how can we reduce the number of aphids?

A

chemical pesticides
biological pest control

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3
Q

why do plants need mineral ions?

A

so they don’t suffer deficiencies

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4
Q

why do plants need nitrate ions?

A

they convert sugars to proteins which are required for growth so a lack of them can cause stunted growth

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5
Q

why do plants need magnesium ions?

A

they are required to synthesise chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy so a lack means the leaves can’t photosynthesise properly and get yellow leaves

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6
Q

what is having yellow leaves called?

A

chlorosis

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7
Q

7 symptoms of disease

A

-stunted growth
-spots on leaves
-areas of decay
-growths
-malformed stems/leaves
-discolouration
-presence of pests

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8
Q

3 ways to identify the disease

A

-reference to a gardening manual or website
-laboratory testing
-mAbs testing kits

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9
Q

what does a nitrate deficiency cause?

A

stunted growth

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10
Q

what does a magnesium deficiency cause?

A

chlorosis/yellow leaves

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11
Q

3 physical defences

A

-waxy cuticle
-cell walls made from cellulose
-layers of dead cells (bark) which fall off

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12
Q

what do physical defences act as and why?

A

a barrier to stop pathogens from entering

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13
Q

2 chemical defences and why

A

-antibacterial chemicals: kill bacteria
-poisons: deter herbivores

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14
Q

3 mechanical defences and why

A

-thorns and hairs: stop animals from touching and eating them
-leaves that droop/curl: prevent from being eating by knocking insects off them
-mimicry: trick animals

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