pathogens

Question 1

what is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

a disease caused by a pathogen that can be passed from one person to another

Question 2

what is a pathogen?

Answer 2

a microorganism that causes disease

Question 3

what are the 4 types of pathogen?

Answer 3

-bacteria
-virus
-protist
-fungi

Question 4

how do viruses cause disease?

Answer 4

they invade and reproduce inside living body cells leading to cell damage which makes you feel ill

Question 5

how do bacteria cause disease?

Answer 5

divide rapidly by binary fission when inside the body, produce toxins that damage cells and tissues, making you feel ill

Question 6

size of bacteria compared to body cells

Answer 6

1/100th

Question 7

size of virus compared to bacteria

Answer 7

1/100th

Question 8

are bacteria and viruses cells?

Answer 8

bacteria are, viruses aren’t

Question 9

what are most protists?

Answer 9

single-celled eukaryotes

Question 10

what are parasites?

Answer 10

things that live on or inside other organisms and cause them damage

Question 11

how are parasites transferred to the organism?

Answer 11

by a vector

Question 12

what is the body of some fungi made up of?

Answer 12

hyphae

Question 13

how do hyphae cause disease?

Answer 13

they grow and penetrate skin and the surface of plants, can produce spores which can be spread

Question 14

3 main ways pathogens can be spread

Answer 14

-water
-air
-direct contact

Question 15

describe how pathogens can be spread in water + example

Answer 15

by drinking or bathing in dirty/contaminated water e.g cholera

Question 16

describe how pathogens can be spread in air + example

Answer 16

carried in air in droplets produced when you cough or sneeze and then breathed in e.g influenza

Question 17

describe how pathogens can be spread in direct contact + example

Answer 17

picked up by touching contaminated surfaces including the skin and floor e.g athlete’s foot