plant disease (4.3.3) Flashcards
how can you detect a plant disease via the symptoms
• stunted growth
• spots on leaves
• areas of decay
• growths
• malformed stems or leaves
• discolouration
• the presence of pests
how can plant diseases be identified?
• reference to a gardening manual or website
• taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen
• using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies
name the 4 types of plant disease
viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens
can also be infected by insects
name a viral plant disease
tobacco mosaic virus
how does TMV affect a plant?
causes mosaic pattern on the leaves, causes less photosynthesis, therefore less growth.
name a fungal plant disease
rose black spot
how does rose black spot affect a plant?
causes black (or purple) spots on the leaves, this causes less photosynthesis, therefore less growth.
how is TMV spread?
spread via contact and insect vectors.
how is rose black spot spread?
spores spread via wind/water
how is rose black spot treated?
by removing and burning the leaves
or with fungicides.
describe one ion deficiency condition in plants
nitrate ions needed for protein synthesis and therefore plant growth.
deficiency means stunted growth.
describe another ion deficiency in plants
magnesium ions are needed to make chlorophyll.
deficiency means chlorosis (yellow leaves)
name the three physical defence responses.
• Cellulose cell walls
• Tough waxy cuticle on leaves
• Layers of dead cells around stems (tree bark)
name the two chemical plant defence responses.
• Antibacterial chemicals
• Poisons to deter herbivores
name the three mechanical adaptations
• Thorns and hairs deter animals
• Leaves which droop or curl when touched
• Mimicry to trick animals
