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biology > animal organ systems (4.2.2) > Flashcards

animal organ systems (4.2.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

order of digestive system

A

mouth

oesophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

rectum

anus

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2
Q

function of small intestine

A

absorbs nutrients + enzymic digestion

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3
Q

function of large intestine

A

absorbs water

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4
Q

function of the liver

A

produces bile

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5
Q

function of the gall bladder

A

stores bile

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6
Q

function of the pancreas

A

creates digestive enzymes

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7
Q

what do digestive enzymes do

A

convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream

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8
Q

what is the lock and key theory

A

enzyme and substrate are separate
they bind together
the substrate is broken down
they separate again

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9
Q

what is the optimum temperature of all human enzymes

A

37 degrees celsius

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10
Q

what is the optimum pH for most enzymes (not protease)

A

pH 7

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11
Q

what is the optimum pH for protease

A

pH 2

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12
Q

what does lipase do

A

breaks down fats into fatty acid + glycerol

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13
Q

where is lipase made

A

pancreas + small intestine

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14
Q

where does lipase act

A

small intestine

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15
Q

what does amylase do

A

breaks down starch into glucose

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16
Q

where is amylase made

A

salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine

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17
Q

where does amylase work

A

mouth

small intestine

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18
Q

what does protease do

A

breaks down protein into amino acids

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19
Q

where is protease made

A

stomach
pancreas
small intestine

20
Q

where does protease act

A

stomach

small intestine

21
Q

what are the products of digestion used for

A

used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

some glucose is used in respiration

22
Q

what does bile do

A

emulsifies fat into fat droplets to increase surface area for lipase to work

neutralises stomach acid for optimum conditions for enzymes in small intestine

23
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary artery

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

24
Q

what is the function of the vena cava

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart

25
Q

what does the aorta do

A

carries oxygenated blood to the body

26
Q

what does the pulmonary vein do

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

27
Q

what is the order of the circulatory system

A

vena cava

right atrium

right ventricle

pulmonary artery

lungs

pulmonary vein

left atrium

left ventricle

aorta

all body cells

and then back to vena cava

28
Q

what do veins do

A

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

except pulmonary vein

29
Q

what do arteries do

A

carry oxygenated blood to the heart

except the pulmonary artery

30
Q

what do capillaries do

A

allow exchange of molecules between blood + body cells

31
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory system

A

trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli

32
Q

what 4 components does the blood contain

A

plasma
platelets
white blood cells
red blood cells

33
Q

what is the function of plasma

A

carries blood components and extra nutrients/hormones

makes blood liquids so it can flow

34
Q

what is the function of platelets

A

responsible for blood clotting

stop microorganisms getting in + blood getting out

35
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A

carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues

36
Q

what is the function of white blood cells

A

defend against infections through
phagocytosis
antibodies
antitoxins

37
Q

what is coronary heart disease

A

layers of fatty material build up in coronary arteries and reduce blood flow

38
Q

what is a stent

A

cure for CHD

used to keep arteries open (mesh + balloon)

39
Q

what is a statin

A

cure for CHD

tablets used to reduce blood flow

40
Q

advantages of stents

A

allow free blood flow immediately

41
Q

disadvantages of stents

A

expensive

risk of infection

42
Q

advantage of statins

A

slows down build up

43
Q

disadvantages of statins

A

possible side effects

remembering to take them

44
Q

advantages of mechanical replacement heart valves

A

last a long time
no risk of rejection

45
Q

disadvantage of mechanical replacement heart valves

A

medicine needed to prevent blood clotting

46
Q

advantage of biological replacement heart valves

A

effective replacement

47
Q

disadvantages of biological replacement heart valves

A

risk of rejection
don’t last as long
surgery risk

biology (11 decks)

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