animal organ systems (4.2.2) Flashcards
order of digestive system
mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
function of small intestine
absorbs nutrients + enzymic digestion
function of large intestine
absorbs water
function of the liver
produces bile
function of the gall bladder
stores bile
function of the pancreas
creates digestive enzymes
what do digestive enzymes do
convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream
what is the lock and key theory
enzyme and substrate are separate
they bind together
the substrate is broken down
they separate again
what is the optimum temperature of all human enzymes
37 degrees celsius
what is the optimum pH for most enzymes (not protease)
pH 7
what is the optimum pH for protease
pH 2
what does lipase do
breaks down fats into fatty acid + glycerol
where is lipase made
pancreas + small intestine
where does lipase act
small intestine
what does amylase do
breaks down starch into glucose
where is amylase made
salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine
where does amylase work
mouth
small intestine
what does protease do
breaks down protein into amino acids
where is protease made
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
where does protease act
stomach
small intestine
what are the products of digestion used for
used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
some glucose is used in respiration
what does bile do
emulsifies fat into fat droplets to increase surface area for lipase to work
neutralises stomach acid for optimum conditions for enzymes in small intestine
what is the function of the pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
what is the function of the vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart
what does the aorta do
carries oxygenated blood to the body
what does the pulmonary vein do
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
what is the order of the circulatory system
vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
all body cells
and then back to vena cava
what do veins do
carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
except pulmonary vein
what do arteries do
carry oxygenated blood to the heart
except the pulmonary artery
what do capillaries do
allow exchange of molecules between blood + body cells
what are the parts of the respiratory system
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli
what 4 components does the blood contain
plasma
platelets
white blood cells
red blood cells
what is the function of plasma
carries blood components and extra nutrients/hormones
makes blood liquids so it can flow
what is the function of platelets
responsible for blood clotting
stop microorganisms getting in + blood getting out
what is the function of red blood cells
carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues
what is the function of white blood cells
defend against infections through
phagocytosis
antibodies
antitoxins
what is coronary heart disease
layers of fatty material build up in coronary arteries and reduce blood flow
what is a stent
cure for CHD
used to keep arteries open (mesh + balloon)
what is a statin
cure for CHD
tablets used to reduce blood flow
advantages of stents
allow free blood flow immediately
disadvantages of stents
expensive
risk of infection
advantage of statins
slows down build up
disadvantages of statins
possible side effects
remembering to take them
advantages of mechanical replacement heart valves
last a long time
no risk of rejection
disadvantage of mechanical replacement heart valves
medicine needed to prevent blood clotting
advantage of biological replacement heart valves
effective replacement
disadvantages of biological replacement heart valves
risk of rejection
don’t last as long
surgery risk
