communicabel diseases (infection and response)

Question 1

what are the two examples of viral diseases

Answer 1

measles

HIV

Question 2

what are the two examples of bacterial diseases

Answer 2

salmonella

gonorrhoea

Question 3

what is an example of a protist disease

Answer 3

malaria

Question 4

what are the symptoms of measles

Answer 4

fever and red skin

Question 5

how is measles spread

Answer 5

inhalation of droplets via coughing and sneezing

Question 6

how is measles prevented

Answer 6

vaccination

Question 7

symptoms of HIV

Answer 7

flu like illness

Question 8

how does HIV work

Answer 8

virus attacks body’s immune cells

Question 9

how is HIV spread

Answer 9

sexual contact or other exchange of bodily fluids

Question 10

how is HIV treated

Answer 10

antiretroviral drugs

Question 11

how is salmonella spread

Answer 11

via bacteria ingested in food

Question 12

how does salmonella work

Answer 12

bacteria secrete toxins

Question 13

symptoms of salmonella

Answer 13

vomiting
diarrhoea
fever
cramps

Question 14

how is salmonella prevented

Answer 14

poultry vaccination

Question 15

how is gonorrhoea spread

Answer 15

via sexual contact

Question 16

symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 16

thick yellow or green discharge from penis/vagina
pain when urinating

Question 17

how is gonorrhoea prevented

Answer 17

condom use
antibiotics

Question 18

symptoms of malaria

Answer 18

recurrent fever

Question 19

how to prevent malaria

Answer 19

preventing mosquito breeding
mosquito nets

Question 20

how does malaria work

Answer 20

mosquito bites human
malaria cells injected
migrate to human liver
cells replicate (mitosis)
burst out of liver into blood
enter red blood cells
make millions of sex cells and burst out of red blood cells
causes fever

Question 21

how is skin a human defence system

Answer 21

continually shedding layer
produces secretions to destroy pathogens

Question 22

how are the lungs a human defence system

Answer 22

trachea secretes mucus which traps pathogens

Question 23

how is the stomach a human defence system

Answer 23

hydrochloric acid destroys microorganisms in mucus and food/drink

Question 24

how does phagocytosis work

Answer 24

phagocytes engulf the microbes
break them down once they are inside the cell

Question 25

how does antibody production work

Answer 25

lymphocyte releases an antibody
attaches to the site of the microbe
destroys it

Question 26

how does antitoxin production work

Answer 26

release antitoxins
neutralises toxins and renders them harmless

Question 27

how do vaccinations work

Answer 27

small amounts of dead or weakened/inactive pathogens are put into body
stimulates production of antibodies and memory cells
stored and can be mass produced of actual pathogen enters

Question 28

what do painkillers do

Answer 28

relieve symptoms

Question 29

limitations of painkillers

Answer 29

don’t cure
still have to wait for immune system to kill pathogens

Question 30

what do antibiotics do

Answer 30

cure bacterial diseases
(kill infective bacteria)

Question 31

how do antibiotics work

Answer 31

interact with cell wall of bacteria
bacteria burst + is destroyed

Question 32

limitations of antibiotics

Answer 32

can’t kill viral pathogens
bacteria are becoming resistant

Question 33

what is digitalis formed from

Answer 33

foxgloves

Question 34

what is aspirin formed from

Answer 34

willow

Question 35

what is penicillin formed from

Answer 35

penicillium mould

Question 36

what are the three stages of pre clinical drug testing

Answer 36

computer modelling
testing on cells/tissues
testing on animals

Question 37

what are the three stages of clinical drug testing

Answer 37

small number of healthy patients
small number of sick patients
large number of sick patients