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day 2 > Plant Design > Flashcards

Plant Design Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following seldomly use for pressure vessel construction?

A

Rimmed steel

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2
Q

Liquid petroleum/fuel storage tanks are built underground when storage capacity is less than ___ kiloliters

A

45

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3
Q

Le/D of fully opened globe valves

A

300

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4
Q

Increase in shell passes, the vale of Ft

A

increases

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5
Q

Holes of a sieve tray are arranged in a triangular pitch of ____ times the hole diameter

A

2 5 to 5

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6
Q

Stress developed in a material without any permanent set

A

Elastic limit

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7
Q

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the tube pitch is defined as

A

the shortest center to center distance between adjacent tubes

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8
Q

holes of sieve tray are arranged in triangular pitch of ____ times the hole diameter

A

2.5 to 5

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9
Q

Overall distillation column efficiency for most refinery column can be given by

A

n = 17 - 61.1 logu

%u = molal average viscosity of feed

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10
Q

In case of bubble cap distillation column of diameter greater than 1.2 m, the cap diameter is about ___ cm

A

10

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11
Q

tube side pressure drop in a 1-2 heat exchanger is about ___ times that in a 1-1 heat exchanger having same size, number of tubes

A

8 times

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12
Q

In a heat exchanger, shell side fluid velocity can be changed by changing the tube

A

layout and pitch

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13
Q

Where does the maximum tensile strength occur in a thick cylindrical vessel subjected to internal pressure?

A

At the inner surface

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14
Q

It is not desirable to have Ft less than

A

0.8

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15
Q

A rivetted joint does not fail by ___ of rivets

a. tearing
b. shearing
c. tearing of the plate across
d. none

A

None of these

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16
Q

Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube

A

permits use of more tubes in a given shell diameter

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17
Q

Bracket supports are the most suitable for supporting ____ vessels

A

Thick walled vertical vessels

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18
Q

In multipass shell and heat exchanger, the shell side cross flow area does not depend upon

A

none of these

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19
Q

Steam heat transfer coefficient for design consideration under ordinary conditions

A

7500 kcal/m² hr °C

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20
Q

True or False. The Fouling factor of river water is less than that of sea water

A

False

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21
Q

Area increase in raschig ring to form lessing ring

A

20%

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22
Q

The conical bottom heads used in chemical process equipments has an apex angle of

A

60°

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23
Q

Smaller sized packings are generally dumped to the packed columns, and the large ones of size greater than ____ mm are individually stacked

A

75 mm

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24
Q

Shell side heat transfer coefficient of square pitch compared to triangular pitch

A

less

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25
Q

Factor of safety

A

Ultimate stress to working stress

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26
Q

Packed towers are normally designed for a pressure drop of about __ mm of water per meter height of packing

A

20 to 40

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27
Q

Arrangement of distillation column having d=4ft

A

cross flow

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28
Q

In perforated plate column

a. holes may be 1/18 or 3/16
b. tole hole area if 6-15% of tower cross
c. pressure drop is less compared to bubble cap
d All

A

All of these

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29
Q

Main purpose of stepping on trays

A

Facilitate of handling large flows

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30
Q

Pressure drop range in a bag filter

A

50-150 mm water gauge

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31
Q

Cylindrical vessel shape that can withstand the highest pressure

a. Flat plate
b. Torispherical
c. Ellipsoidal
d. Hemispherical

A

Ellipsoidal

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32
Q

True ot False. Packed tower is preferred over plate tower if liquids have a foaming tendency

A

TRUE

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33
Q

True or False. Basket type evaporator is used for high viscosity liquor having large rate of scaling

A

False

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34
Q

Speed of drum of rotary vacuum filter

A

0.1 to 2 rpm

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35
Q

Pressure drop to mass velocity in a packed tower at preloading range

A

∆P = G²

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36
Q

Needle valves are not used in

A

large diameter pipes

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37
Q

Used to set the diameter of distillation column

A

Allowable vapor velocity

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38
Q

For reaction orders more than 1, which is the best

a. equal sized reactors
b. small reactor should come first
c. larger reactor should come first

A

Small reactor should come first

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39
Q

Analytical method for the calculation of theoretical stages in continuous binary distillation

A

Sorel-Lewis method

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40
Q

Saddle supports are used in supporting

A

Horizontal cylindrical

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41
Q

Bracket supports are used to support

A

Thick walled vertical vessels

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42
Q

In distillation columns, the number of bubble caps per tray primarily depends

A

allowable gas and liquid velocities

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43
Q

Vertical vessels are not supported by

A

saddles

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44
Q

Column with lowest pressure drop given equal diameters

A

Packed column

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45
Q

Rivets are specified by

A

Shank diameter

46
Q

Diameter of propeller agitator used in agitation tank ranges from ___percent of the tank diameter

A

15 to 30%

47
Q

In packed towers provided by saddle packing, liquid distributions are positioned at every ____ times column diameter or 6 m whichever is less

A

5-8

48
Q

Optimum reflux ratio is determined by

A

Total cost consideration

49
Q

Cooling water fouling factors vary in the range if 0.001 to 0.003

A

(BTU/hr•ft²•°F)^-1

50
Q

Maximum liquid gradient over a tray must not exceed

A

0.5” to 1.25”

51
Q

Underdesigned steam trap

A

will cause water hammering in steam line

52
Q

Speed of industrial paddle agitator

A

20 to 100 rpm

53
Q

Strain measured using strain rosetter

A

Linear strain

54
Q

No corrosion allowance is required if thickness is

A

30 mm

55
Q

In a ______riveted joint, rivets in various rows are opposite of each other

A

chain

56
Q

Le/D of a fully open gate valve

A

7, much less than fully open globe valve

57
Q

In a distillation column, minimum residence time for liquid at downspout is about

A

8 seconds

58
Q

L/D for rotary driers

A

4 to 10

59
Q

Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column

A

because of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions

60
Q

In shell and tube heat exchanger, straight tie rods are used to

A

hold baffle in place

61
Q

Pressure to Inertial forces

A

Euler

62
Q

A head comprises of straight flange section, corner torus, section and central dished section. Crown radius and knuckle radius in a head is related respectively to the

A

central dished section and corner torus section

63
Q

based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines.

A

Ponchon Savarit

64
Q

Minimum recommended baffle spacing in a shell and tube heat exchanger is about

A

0.2D

65
Q

Thin spherical shells subjected to internal pressure, develop __________ stresses.

A

Radial

66
Q

With increase in the reflux ratio for a fixed production from a continuous binary distillation column, the __________ decreases.

A

Fixed charges increases

67
Q

The slope of operating line in the rectifying section of a distillation column is unity, if the reflux ratio is

A

Infinity

68
Q

With increase in pressure drop (for a given particle size), the dust collection efficiency of a cyclone separator will

A

Increase

69
Q

An adequate clearance between the tray and the shell wall of a distillation column is provided to

A

Allow thermal expansion

70
Q

True or False. The value of crushing load is more than that of buckling load for long colmns.

A

False

71
Q

True or False. The total weight of a dry plate tower is usually much more than that of a dry packed tower designed for the same duty

A

False

72
Q

Floating head heat exchangers are used for

A

cases where temperature difference between the shell and the tubes is more (>50°C).

73
Q

The most common standard size of bubble caps used in industrial operation

A

6” cap
4” riser

74
Q

Compensation against openings in process vessels for giving inlet and outlet connections, for providing sight glasses and manholes etc. is provided for strength and rigidity. The most efficient type of compensation is of __________ type.

A

nozzle or rim

75
Q

Thickness of the frame of a plate and frame filter as compared to that of plates is

A

more

76
Q

The thickness of heat transfer plates used in the plate type heat exchanger ranges from __________ mm, pressed in a single piece provided with grooves & corrugations.

A

1.25 to 3.125

77
Q

Tube wall thickness depends on the cor-rosiveness of the fluids and their operating pressure & temperature and is specified by Birmingham wire gauge (B.W.G)-a number which varies from 8 to 18 with the numbers 14 and 16 being more commonly used. Outside diameter of tubes varies from about 15 to 50 mm; however a tube of less than __________ mm outside diameter is generally not recommended for fouling fluids

A

B. 19

78
Q

Angled baffles are preferred in the agitation tank to control the swirling action; if the viscosity of the liquid to be mixed is about 200 poise. However, the baffle may be completely eliminated for mixing liquids having viscoisty above __________ poise.

A

b. 600

79
Q

Ratio of tube length to shell diameter for a shell and tube heat exchanger is

A

D. Both B and C

80
Q

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the overall heat transfer co-efficient is proportional to the tube side (volumetric flow rate)0.8. This is valid, only when the ratio of the tube side film resistance to the total resistance is almost equal to

A

B. 1

81
Q

Which of the following types of reactors is the safest from operation point of view ?

A

A. Vapor phase reactor

82
Q

For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

A

A. Decreased upward

83
Q

In the design of paddle agitator, the ratio of paddle diameter to tank diameter is

A

B. 0.8

84
Q

Hole diameter of the seive trays in the distillation column ranges from __________ mm

A

3 to 12.5

85
Q

Factor of safety (i.e., overdesign factor) in heat transfer equipments is about __________ percent more than the actual/theoretical design factor.

A

15 to 20

86
Q

For annular flow of a fluid, the ratio of the equivalent diameter for pressure drop calculation to the equivalent diameter for heat transfer calculation is

A

d1/(d1+d2)

87
Q

In actual operation of distillation column, the vapour is not distributed uniformly among the bubble caps, primarily because of the

A

A. Liquid gradient on the tray

88
Q

The minimum shell thickness for tank ≤ 15 metres diameter is limited to __________ mm, for reasons of elastic stability.

A

5

89
Q

If ‘D’ is the inside diameter of the shell of a shell and tube heat exchanger, then the baffle spacing is usually in the range of

A

D/5 or min of 2” to 5D

90
Q

Brass valves are usually made for pipe sizes __________ inches.

A

< or = to 2

91
Q

In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

A

A. higher shell side pressure drop

92
Q

True or False. Higher pressure fluid stream should be routed through the shell side.

A

False

93
Q

True or False. Flat head covers are most suitable for larger vessels operating at very high pressure.

A

False

94
Q

Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a horizontal tube evaporator.

A

D. Liquor flows inside the tube, while the steam is outside submerging the tube.

95
Q

___ shapedroof is the most commonly used roof for cylinderical storage tanks.

A

A. Conical

96
Q

Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to ‘Horton sphere’ used for the storage of liquid ammonia.

A

D. Horton sphere is used for the storage of liquid at sub-zero temperature at very high pressure upto 200 kg/cm2.

97
Q

Value of Peclet number = ∞, is the representative of

A

Plug Flow

98
Q

In most of the shell and tube heat exchangers, the tube pitch is generally __________ the tube diameter.

A

B. 1.25 to 1.50

99
Q

In a distillation column, bubble caps are located on trays with a pitch of __________ times the outside diameter of the caps

A

A. 1.3 to 2

100
Q

For identical operating conditions, the pressure drop over __________ tray is the highest out of the following.

A

Bubble cap

101
Q

A perforated plate has holes of diameterdnarranged in a pitchph. Each hole has a tube of I.D.dtpassing through it. The ligament efficiency is given by

A

C. (Ph - Dt)/Ph

102
Q

__________ is the determining factor for the number of bubble caps to be used per tray.

A

A. Permissible slot velocity

103
Q

True or False. Flash distillation, differential distillation & steam distillation are all continuous distillation processes.

A

False

104
Q

Low pressure steam (with saturation temperature between 105 to 120°C) is usually used in the vacuum evaporators, which normally employ a vacuum of about __________ mm Hg (referred to a 760 mm mercury barometer).

A

C. 650 mmHg

105
Q

Normal screwed fittings are used for pipes upto a diameter of __________ inches.

A

B. 3 inches

106
Q

Diameter of the seive tray column is determined by the

A

B. Upper limit of vapor velocity

107
Q

For a given fluid, as the pipe diameter increases, the pumping cost

A

decreases

108
Q

Maximum acceptable total liquid gradient over a tray is about __________ mm.

A

B. 12.5 mm

109
Q

In case of a ‘thin’ pressure vessel, the ratio of its diameter to wall thickness is

A

B. > 10

110
Q

High pressure fluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger should preferably be routed through the

A

A. tubes to avoid expansion of high pressure shell construction

111
Q

Emf developed by a thermocouple, while measuring a temperature of 600°C is about 5.5 mV. The type of thermocouple used is

A

Platinum-Platinum/Rhodium

112
Q

Which of the following relates the absorption & evolution of heat at the junctions of a thermocouple to the current flow in the circuit?

A

Seedbeck Effect

day 2 (6 decks)

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