plant cells

Question 1

unicellular organisms

Answer 1

-cells must preform every task
-size is limited
-when one cell dies every thing dies

Question 2

multicellular

Answer 2

-specialized cells preform ONE task
-can grow larger
-one cell can die and the organism can still live

Question 3

cells, tissues, systems

Answer 3

cells~tissues~organs~system~organism

Question 4

tissues

Answer 4

groups of specialized cells preforming the same function together

Question 5

organs

Answer 5

specialized tissues contributing to the same function

Question 6

proliferation

Answer 6

reproduce

Question 7

specialization

Answer 7

cells change as they get bigger

Question 8

stem cell

Answer 8

not specialized yet

Question 9

system

Answer 9

specialized organs working together for a specialized function

Question 10

plants have two main systems

Answer 10

shoot and root

Question 11

shoot system

Answer 11

everything above ground

Question 12

root system

Answer 12

everything below ground

Question 13

main job of the leaf

Answer 13

capture the suns energy to produce food for the plant

Question 14

photosynthesis equation

Answer 14

sunlight+H2O+CO2+nutrients+CH2O+O2

Question 15

cuticle

Answer 15

waxy coating-protects leaves from water loss (not alive)

Question 16

epidermis

Answer 16

transparent to allow light to pass through to underlying layer

Question 17

palisade cells

Answer 17

main cells for photosynthesis

Question 18

vascular bundle

Answer 18

organizes the two transport tissues into “highways” throughout the leaves

Question 19

xylem

Answer 19

UP
transports water and minerals from roots to leaves

Question 20

phloem

Answer 20

DOWN
transports sugars to the rest of the plant

Question 21

spongy mesophyll

Answer 21

-cells are loosely packed with many air spaces around them
-helps in water and gas exchange

Question 22

stomata

Answer 22

-openings for gas exchange
-not alive (just a hole)

Question 23

guard cells

Answer 23

regulate stomata (uses water to open and close)

Question 24

gas exchange

Answer 24

gas can diffuse through the spongy tissue cells (from high to low concentrations)

Question 25

potassium is moved by

Answer 25

moved by active transport

Question 26

empty

Answer 26

flaccid

Question 27

filled

Answer 27

turgid/turgor pressure

Question 28

lenticles

Answer 28

lens shaped openings in the stem and roots of plants

Question 29

plants in dry climates will have their

Answer 29

stomata open at night

Question 30

plant vascular system

Answer 30

made of xylem and phloem

Question 31

xylem structure

Answer 31

-soil to leaves -start out as living then die -only cell walls remain

Question 32

root hairs

Answer 32

increase surface area for osmosis

Question 33

root pressure

Answer 33

soil outside the root is hypotonic to root cell so water enters by osmosis

Question 34

active transports is used for plants to take up

Answer 34

mineral ions

Question 35

water moves via - towards solutes, into the roots

Answer 35

osmosis

Question 36

root pressure forces

Answer 36

water into the xylem

Question 37

high pressure in low pressure in

Answer 37

roots leaves

Question 38

cohesion

Answer 38

water molecules attracted to water molecules

Question 39

adhesion

Answer 39

the attraction of water molecules to other substances (xylem walls)

Question 40

water is polar

Answer 40

positive and negative end

Question 41

what’s only found in the animal cell

Answer 41

centriole

Question 42

transpiration of water out of leaves

Answer 42

high concentration (in the leaves) to low (outside/into the air)

Question 43

cellular respiration

Answer 43

takes place in mitochondria, converts glucose to energy

Question 44

plasmolisis

Answer 44

when so much solvent enters the cell it breaks

Question 45

what’s only found in plant cells

Answer 45

-cell wall -chloroplasts -central vacuole

Question 46

transpiration

Answer 46

-evaporation of water through the stomata and lenticles -known as the “pull” (water follow the leader) -strong enough to draw the water up the xylem to the leaves

Question 47

turgor pressure

Answer 47

-cell walls prevent water from leaving -plasma membrane can only expand to the limit of the wall -influx of water creates pressure

Question 48

pressure limits

Answer 48

the rate and amount of water that can enter the cell

Question 49

osmosis is essential for plant cells because

Answer 49

it gets water from their roots to their leaves

Question 50

phloem tubes transport

Answer 50

sugar

Question 51

glucose is produced in the

Answer 51

leaves

Question 52

glucose transport

Answer 52

-glucose from the leaves moves down the stem by concentration gradient -water follows because water follows solutes

Question 53

glucose fuels

Answer 53

cellular respiration

Question 54

gravitropism

Answer 54

growth of a plant in response to gravity

Question 55

tropism

Answer 55

response to a stimuli

Question 56

what are the two types of gravitropisms

Answer 56

negative and positive

Question 57

3 types of tropisms

Answer 57

1.phototropism 2.gravitropism 3.thigmatropism

Question 58

positive gravitropism

Answer 58

the growth of a plant towards the center of the earth (goes with gravity) ex.roots

Question 59

negative gravitropism

Answer 59

grows away from the center of the earth (goes against gravity) ex.stems grow up

Question 60

phototropism

Answer 60

growth of a plant in response to sunlight direction (gives leaves the best position to receive light)

Question 61

Charles Darwin-1880

Answer 61

-seedlings when tips are covered don’t respond to light -tip of stem detects sunlight and sends signals down

Question 62

thigmotropism

Answer 62

reaction to touch ex.venus flytrap

Question 63

Boysen-Jensen

Answer 63

-phototropism continues with gelatin cover but not with mica cover -whatever sends the signal could diffuse through the gelatin but not the mica

Question 64

F.W. Went

Answer 64

-isolated Auxin -hormone manufactured in one area and transported to another area to initiate cell elongation

Question 65

Auxin gets destroyed by

Answer 65

light

Question 66

hypotonic solutions

Answer 66

deficit of solutes

Question 67

hypertonic solutions

Answer 67

excess solutes outside the cell