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Botany > Plant cell structure and functions > Flashcards

Plant cell structure and functions Flashcards

1
Q

important of cells

A

a. all organisms are made out of cells
b. the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live

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2
Q

who is regarded as the inventor of useable tow-lensed microscope; study about cells; coined the term ‘cell’

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

first identified and name the cell’s nucleus

A

Robert Brown

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4
Q

(who) all plant tissues are composed of cells and that an embryonic plant arose from a single cell.

A

Matthias Schleiden

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5
Q

(who) all cells are the structural units of life

A

Theodor Schwann

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6
Q

(who) all cells come from pre- existing cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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7
Q

cell theory ( 3who’s)

A

Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow

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8
Q

to study cells, biologist use _____ and the tools of biochemistry; provide window to the world of cells

A

microscopes

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9
Q

scientist use microscope to visualize cells to small to see with the naked eye

A

Microscopy

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10
Q

two types of cells make up every organism

A

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

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11
Q

basic common features among all cells:

A

a. they are bounded by a plasma membrane
b. they contain semifluid substance called the cytosol
c. They contain chromosomes
d. They all have ribosomes

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12
Q

kingdoms of eukaryotic

A

Multicellular, Eukaryotic (Plantae, animalia, fungi)

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13
Q

Kingdoms of prokaryotic

A

Unicellular, Prokaryotic ( Eubacteria, Archabacteria)

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14
Q

Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular

A

Protista

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15
Q

A typical rod-shaped bacterium; do not contain nucleus; have their DNA located in a region called Nucleoid.

A

Prokaryotic cells

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16
Q

Prokaryotic cells: attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes

A

Pill

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17
Q

Prokaryotic cells: region where the cell’s DNA is located ( not enclosed by a membrane)

A

Nucleoid

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18
Q

Prokaryotic cells: organelles that synthesize proteins.

A

Ribosome

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19
Q

Prokaryotic cells: membrane enclosing the cytoplasm

A

Plasma membrane

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20
Q

Prokaryotic cells: rigid structure outside the plasma membrane

A

cell wall

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21
Q

Prokaryotic cells: jelly-like outer coating of many prokaryotes

A

Capsule

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22
Q

Prokaryotic cells: locomotion organelles of some bacteria

A

Flagella

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23
Q

a plant cell; contain a true nucleus, bounded by a membraneous nuclear envelope; are generally quite a bit bigger than prokaryotic cells

A

Eukaryotic cells

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24
Q

Dna: Naked, circular, no introns

A

Prokaryotes

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25
Q

Reproduction: Binary fission, single chromosome ( haploid)

A

Prokaryotes

26
Q

Size: Smaller (1-5μm)

A

Prokaryotes

27
Q

Dna: Bound to protein, linear, has introns

A

Eukaryotes

28
Q

Organelles: No nucleus, no membrane-bound

A

Prokaryotes

29
Q

Organelles; has nucleus, membrane bound

A

Eukaryotes

30
Q

reproduction: Mitosi, Meiosis and Chromosome paired

A

Eukaryotes

31
Q

Size: Larger (10-100 μm)

A

Eukaryotes

32
Q

Panoramic view: Have extensive and elaborately arranged internal membranes, which form organelles

A

Eukaryotic cells

33
Q

Panoramic view: Have most of the same organelles

A

plant and animal cells

34
Q

in animal cells but not plant cells:

A

Lysosomes, Centrioles, Flagella ( in some plant sperm)

35
Q

in plant cells but not animal cells:

A

Chloroplasts, central vacuole and tonoplast, cell wall, Plasmodesmata

36
Q

plant cell: genetic library of the cell; carried out by the ribosomes

A

Nucleus

37
Q

plant cell: encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm

A

the nuclear envelope

38
Q

what are the organelles containing DNA?

A

nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

39
Q

Evolution of eukaryotic cells

A

Endosymbiosis theory

40
Q

plant cell: carry out protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

41
Q

plant cell: accounts for more than half the total membrane in man eukaryotic cells; biosynthetic factory

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

42
Q

Two distinct regions of ER

A

Smooth ER (lacks ribosomes) and Rough ER (contains ribosomes)

43
Q

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, detoxifies poison

A

smooth ER

44
Q

has bound ribosomes, produces proteins and membranes, which are distributed by transport vesicles

A

rough ER

45
Q

plant cell: shipping and receiving center

A

gogli apparatus

46
Q

consists of flattened membranous sacs called:

A

cisternae

47
Q

diverse maintenance compartments

A

Vacuoles

48
Q

are formed by phagocytosis

A

Food vacuoles

49
Q

Pump excess water out of protist cells

A

Contractile vacuoles

50
Q

are found in plant cells; hold reserves of important organic compounds and water

A

Central vacuoles

51
Q

are the sites of cellular respiration; chemical energy conversion

A

mitochondria

52
Q

are the sites of photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

53
Q

m____and c_____ change energy from one form to another

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

54
Q

mitochondria enclosed by two membrane:

A

a. smooth outer membrane
b. inner membrane folded into cristae

55
Q

capture of light energy; contains chlorophyll; are found in leaves and other green organs of plants and in algae

A

chloroplast

56
Q

produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water

A

Peroxisome

57
Q

is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell; found in the cytoplasm; gives mechanical support to the cell.

A

Cytoskeleton

58
Q

is an extracellular structure of plat cells; made of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein; many have multiple layers.

A

Cell wall

59
Q

are channels that perforate plant cell walls

A

Plasmodesmata

60
Q

functions as a selective barrier; allows sufficient passage of nutrients and waste; it supports and protects the cell; also helps maintain homeostasis

A

plasma membrane

Botany (5 decks)

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