plant cell Flashcards
What is a vacuole?
A liquid-filled sac surrounded by the tonoplast membrane
What does the vacuole contain?
Water, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, enzymes, mineral salts, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and metabolic by-products
How do vacuoles differ in young and mature plant cells?
Young plant cells have many small vacuoles while mature plant cells have a large vacuole
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
Absorbs water, making the cell turgid
What is osmoregulation in unicellular animals?
The vacuole contracts during osmoregulation, osmosis, and excretion
What is the composition of cytoplasm?
Contains organic compounds (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) and inorganic compounds (potassium ions)
What is the primary function of cytoplasm?
Acts as a medium for biochemical reactions in cells
What shape are chloroplasts?
Oval shaped
What is contained within chloroplasts that give plants their green color?
Chlorophyll pigments in the grana
What is the function of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?
Absorbs sunlight and converts it to chemical energy during photosynthesis
What is the structure of the cell wall?
A strong and rigid outer layer made from cellulose fiber
What is the function of the cell wall?
Maintains the shape of plant cells and provides mechanical support
What are the similarities between animal and plant cells?
Both have nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes
List three differences between plant and animal cells.
- Plant cells have a fixed shape
- Plant cells have a cell wall
- Plant cells have chloroplasts
What carbohydrate do plant cells store?
Starch
What carbohydrate do animal cells store?
Glycogen
True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall.
False
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a jelly-like medium that contains components of suspended cells.
cytoplasm
What is the role of the tonoplast?
Surrounds the vacuole
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Consists of two layers of membrane
What is the significance of using an electron microscope in studying cells?
It allows for higher resolution imaging of cell structures
Give an example of a plant cell that does not have chloroplasts.
Root hair cells
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
