animal cell Flashcards
What is the shape of a mitochondrion?
Rod-shaped or spherical
What are the two layers of membranes that make up the mitochondrion?
Smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane
What role do enzymes in the mitochondrion play?
They play a role in cellular respiration
What is the primary function of the mitochondrion?
Generates energy through glucose oxidation during cellular respiration
What form is energy released from the mitochondrion?
ATP molecules (adenosine triphosphate)
What is the structure of a centriole?
Small cylindrical components made up of complex arrangement of microtubules
In which type of cells do centrioles exist?
Animal cells
What is the function of the centriole?
Forms spindle fibre during cell division in animal cells
What does the Golgi apparatus consist of?
A stack of parallel flattened sacs coated by a single cell membrane
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes, modifies, packs and transports chemicals such as protein, carbohydrate and glycoprotein
What is the outer membrane that surrounds the entire content of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What are the main components of the plasma membrane?
Proteins and phospholipids
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Separates cell content from the external environment and controls substance movement
What is a lysosome?
Small spherical sac enclosed in a single membrane
What do lysosomes contain?
Hydrolytic enzymes
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Hydrolyses complex organic molecules and breaks down bacteria and damaged cell components
What is the largest component in the cell?
Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain?
Chromosomes, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls all cell activities and contains DNA that determines cell characteristics
What are ribosomes made of?
Protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Where are ribosomes found?
On the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site for protein synthesis
What does the endoplasmic reticulum consist of?
A system of interconnected folded flattened sacs
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizes and transports glycerol and lipids, detoxifies drugs and metabolic by-products
