plant cell Flashcards
a eukaryotic cell having a nucleus and organelles
plant cell
Genetic informationof the cell is housed
nucleus
entirety of the cell contained by the cell membrane
cytoplasm
the part of the cytoplasm not taken up by organelles
cytosol
semi-permeable division between the cell and its surroundings
cell membrane
allows the cell to control its own biochemistry by only letting certain substances through it
cell membrane
specialized to perform aerobic respiration
mitochondria
A plant cell is bounded by a
cell wall
central control cente
nucleus
fluid in which membrane-bound organelles are found
cytoplasm
Between the primary cell walls of adjacent plant cells, lies a _______
pectic middle lamella
cell wall consist mainly of ______
cellulose
the secondary cell wall may contain _______
lignin
The outer boundary of the protoplasm (cytoplasm and nucleus)
plasma membrane
This membrane regulates what enters and leaves the plant cell
plasma membrane
cell wall material is formed by the __________
protoplast
formed early in the life of plant cell
primary wall
laid down internal to the primary wall
secondary wall
defined as all of the plant cell enclosed by the cell wall
protoplast
protoplast consists of ________ and ________
nucleus and cytoplasm
cytoplasm consists of ________ distributed in the _______
organelles, cytosol
what makes up the cytoskeleton?
microtubules and microfilaments
a filamentous network of proteins that are associated with the processes that maintain and change cell shape and produce cell movements in animal and bacteria cells
cytoskeleton
where is chromosomes found
in nucleus
The cytoplasm has movements that are referred to as ___________
cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis
the largest membrane-bound organelle
nucleus
the nucleus is surrounded by a selective __________
nuclear envelope
Inside the nucleus, DNA and proteins associate to form a network of threads called:
chromatin
Inside the nucleus is a filamentous region called the:
nucleolus
This serves as a site where the RNA and protein components of ribosomes are assembled
nucleolus
the sites where protein molecules are synthesized from amino acids
ribosomes
They are composed of proteins and RNA
ribosomes
collectively a network of membranes enclosing a singular continuous space
endoplasmic reticulum
involved in packaging proteins for the Golgi apparatus
rough/granular ER
lacks ribosomes and is the site of lipid synthesis
smooth er/agranular
a membranous sac that serves to modify and sort proteins into secretory/transport vesicles
golgi apparatus
membrane-bound tubular and vesicular structures located between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus
endosomes
They serve to sort and direct vesicular traffic by pinching off vesicles or fusing with them
endosomes
They are the site of various chemical processes involved in the synthesis of energy packets called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
mitochondria
are bound by a single membrane and contain highly acidic fluid.
lysosomes
Each mitochondrion is surrounded by ____ membranes
2
They play an important role in the cells of the immune system.
lysosomes
They are important in maintaining the chemical balances within the cell
peroxisomes
They consume oxygen and work to drive reactions that remove hydrogen from various molecules in the form of hydrogen peroxide.
peroxisomes
filamentous network of proteins that are associated with the processes that maintain and change cell shape and produce cell movements in animal and bacteria cells.
cytoskeleton
the thinnest and most abundant of the cytoskeleton proteins.
microfilaments
slightly larger in diameter and are found most extensively in regions of cells that are going to be subjected to stress.
intermediate filaments
hollow tubes composed of a protein called tubulin. They are the thickest and most rigid of the laments
microtubules
Enzymes are found in the stroma as well as grana—stacks of coin-shaped discs, called ________
thylakoids
It is within the _________ that photosynthesis takes place
thylakoids
The vacuole is bound by a special membrane, called _______
tonoplast
a process within the cell cycle that is divided into four phases
mitosis
contains the process in which cells are either dividing or in between divisions
cell cycle
Cells that are not actively dividing
interphase
the chromosomes and their usual two-stranded nature becomes apparent, the nuclear envelope breaks down.
prophase
the chromosomes become aligned at the equator of the cell. A spindle composed of spindle bers is developed and some attach to the chromosomes at their centromere.
metaphase
the sister chromatids of each chromosome, that is now called the daughter chromosomes, separate lengthwise and each group of daughter chromosomes migrates to the opposite ends of the cell.
anaphase
the groups of daughter chromosomes are grouped within a developing nuclear envelope which makes them separate nuclei. A wall forms between the two sets of daughter chromosomes thus creating two daughter cells.
telophase
Up to 90% of the volume of a mature cell may be taken up by:
vacuole
Fill up space
Can also have digestive functions similar to lysosomes
Store nutrients
Provide space to degrade waste substances
vacuole
Animal cells do not have a ________
cell wall
the outer boundary of animal cells
plasma membrane
