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botany > lesson 1 > Flashcards

lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

world’s most useful tree

A

coconut tree

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2
Q

a coconut tree produces ___ to ___ nuts per year

A

50 to 100

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3
Q

the immature green coconut seed that is highly nutritious liquid center is called__________

A

endosperm

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4
Q

solidifies to form coconut meat

A

endosperm

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5
Q

where can paclitaxel be obtained from

A

pacific yew

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6
Q

First tested in the mid-1960s and can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Approved in 1992 for treating advanced stages of ovarian cancer. In 1994 was approved for treating breast cancer that has spread in the lymph nodes.

A

paclitaxel

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7
Q

also known as plant biology

A

botany

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8
Q

the scientific study of plants

A

botany

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9
Q

study the structure and functions of important biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.

A

Plant molecular biology

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10
Q

encompasses the structures, functions and life processes of plant cells.

A

Plant cell biology

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10
Q

study of chemical interactions within plants, including the variety of chemicals that plants produce.

A

Plant biochemistry

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11
Q

microscopic plant structure (cells and tissues).

A

plant anatomy

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12
Q

structures of plant parts such as leaves, roots and stems, including their evolution and development.

A

Plant morphology

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13
Q

study such processes as photosynthesis and mineral nutrition to
understand how plants function.

A

Plant physiology

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14
Q

plant heredity and variation.

A

Plant genetics

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15
Q

the study of the interrelationships among plants and between plants
and their environment.

A

Plant ecology

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16
Q

microscopic and is the smallest that can perform all the activities associated with life.

A

Cell

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17
Q

cells are composed constitute the simplest level of organization in the biological world.

A

Element

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18
Q

smallest particle of an element that possesses the properties of an element.

A

atom

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19
Q

formed when atoms combine chemically by forming bonds.

A

molecule

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20
Q

large biological molecules.

A

Macromolecules

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21
Q

formed compartments when macromolecules associate with one another.

A

organelles

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22
Q

association of cells that perform specific functions.

A

tissues

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23
Q

functional units that perform specific
roles.

A

organs

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24
Q

all of Earth’s ecosystems.

A

biospheres

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25
Q

community together with its nonliving environment.

A

ecosystem

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26
Q

consists of all the populations of different organisms that live and interact within the area.

A

communities

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27
Q

groups of members of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time.

A

population

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28
Q

distinct, living entities.

A

organism

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29
Q

Plants are highly ________

A

organized

30
Q

plants take in and use ________

A

energy

31
Q

the two most important energy-related activities in the living world

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

32
Q

Biological process that includes the capture of light energy and its transformation into chemical energy of organic molecules that are manufactured from carbon dioxide.

A

photosynthesis

33
Q

Cellular process in which energy of organic molecules is released for biological work.

A

cellular respiration

34
Q

plants respond to ______

A

stimuli

35
Q

what stimulates a plant

A
  • temperature
  • chemical composition (soil, water, air)
  • changes in direction, color and light
36
Q

In plants, growth results from an ___________ of cells and an _________ of cells.

A

increase of number and size

37
Q

the formation of a new individual by sexual or asexual means, is the most distinctive characteristics of life.

A

reproduction

38
Q

Does not involve union of gametes

A

asexual reproduction

39
Q

Involves union of gametes that may or may not come from two separate individuals.

A

sexual reproduction

40
Q

The characteristics of an organism are encoded in its ______

A

genes

41
Q

Genes are composed of __________, the organic molecule that stores and carries
important genetic information in cells.

A

DNA

42
Q

characteristics that enable an organism to better survive in a certain environment.

A

adaptation

43
Q

the process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time,
is the genetic change in a population of organisms from generation to generation.

A

evolution

44
Q

first suggested a plausible mechanism, natural selection, to explain evolution.

A

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

45
Q

when was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection published

A

1859

46
Q

he simplified the naming of organisms.

A

carolus linnaeus

47
Q

the system of binomial nomenclature

A

Hierarchical Classification System

48
Q

This is a science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants.

A

taxonomy

49
Q

Classification is based on ________, ________ and ________

A

behavioral, genetic and biochemical variation

50
Q

Similar species are assigned to the same _______

A

genus

51
Q

similar genera are
grouped in the same _______

A

family

52
Q

Plants and fungi were traditionally classified into _________ rather than phyla.

A

divisions

53
Q

Organisms that lack nuclei and other membrane-bounded organelles.

A

prokaryotes

54
Q

Organisms are classified into similar categories namely:

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus and species.

55
Q

Often adapts to harsh conditions and frequently live in oxygen-deficient environments, including hot springs, salt ponds and hydrothermal vents in the ocean depths.

A

kingdom archaea

56
Q

Unicellular and most are heterotrophic. Some are photosynthetic or chemosynthetic.

A

kingdom bacteria

57
Q

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed with in a nuclear envelope.

A

eukaryotes

58
Q

what are the three domains

A

bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes

59
Q

what are the six kingdoms

A

bacteria
archaea
protesta
plantae
animalia
fungi

60
Q

Consists of molds, yeasts and mushroom

A

fungi

61
Q

Contains protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds.

A

protista

62
Q

Most move about by muscular contraction.

A

animalia

63
Q

Obtained their nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into food and then
absorbing the predigested nutrients.

A

fungi

64
Q

Single-celled or simple multicellular organisms.

A

protista

65
Q

Includes vascular plants and nonvascular plants.

A

plantae

66
Q

multicellular organisms that must eat other organisms to obtain nourishment.

A

animalia

67
Q

usually rooted in one place and unlike animals, do not possess a
nervous system.

A

plants

68
Q

multicellular organisms that typically photosynthesize.

A

plantae

69
Q

each species receives a two-part name and should be italicized.

A

binomial system of nomenclature

70
Q

The first word designates the genus to which the organism is assigned, and the second word is a _____________, that is, a descriptive word that characterizes the organism.

A

specific epiphet

71
Q

The specific epithet is always used with the_________ generic name preceding it.

A

full of abbreviated

72
Q

coconut tree scientific name

A

Cocos nucifera

73
Q

pacific yew

A

Taxus brevifolia

botany (8 decks)

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