lesson 1 Flashcards
world’s most useful tree
coconut tree
a coconut tree produces ___ to ___ nuts per year
50 to 100
the immature green coconut seed that is highly nutritious liquid center is called__________
endosperm
solidifies to form coconut meat
endosperm
where can paclitaxel be obtained from
pacific yew
First tested in the mid-1960s and can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Approved in 1992 for treating advanced stages of ovarian cancer. In 1994 was approved for treating breast cancer that has spread in the lymph nodes.
paclitaxel
also known as plant biology
botany
the scientific study of plants
botany
study the structure and functions of important biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.
Plant molecular biology
encompasses the structures, functions and life processes of plant cells.
Plant cell biology
study of chemical interactions within plants, including the variety of chemicals that plants produce.
Plant biochemistry
microscopic plant structure (cells and tissues).
plant anatomy
structures of plant parts such as leaves, roots and stems, including their evolution and development.
Plant morphology
study such processes as photosynthesis and mineral nutrition to
understand how plants function.
Plant physiology
plant heredity and variation.
Plant genetics
the study of the interrelationships among plants and between plants
and their environment.
Plant ecology
microscopic and is the smallest that can perform all the activities associated with life.
Cell
cells are composed constitute the simplest level of organization in the biological world.
Element
smallest particle of an element that possesses the properties of an element.
atom
formed when atoms combine chemically by forming bonds.
molecule
large biological molecules.
Macromolecules
formed compartments when macromolecules associate with one another.
organelles
association of cells that perform specific functions.
tissues
functional units that perform specific
roles.
organs
all of Earth’s ecosystems.
biospheres
community together with its nonliving environment.
ecosystem
consists of all the populations of different organisms that live and interact within the area.
communities
groups of members of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time.
population
distinct, living entities.
organism
Plants are highly ________
organized
plants take in and use ________
energy
the two most important energy-related activities in the living world
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Biological process that includes the capture of light energy and its transformation into chemical energy of organic molecules that are manufactured from carbon dioxide.
photosynthesis
Cellular process in which energy of organic molecules is released for biological work.
cellular respiration
plants respond to ______
stimuli
what stimulates a plant
- temperature
- chemical composition (soil, water, air)
- changes in direction, color and light
In plants, growth results from an ___________ of cells and an _________ of cells.
increase of number and size
the formation of a new individual by sexual or asexual means, is the most distinctive characteristics of life.
reproduction
Does not involve union of gametes
asexual reproduction
Involves union of gametes that may or may not come from two separate individuals.
sexual reproduction
The characteristics of an organism are encoded in its ______
genes
Genes are composed of __________, the organic molecule that stores and carries
important genetic information in cells.
DNA
characteristics that enable an organism to better survive in a certain environment.
adaptation
the process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time,
is the genetic change in a population of organisms from generation to generation.
evolution
first suggested a plausible mechanism, natural selection, to explain evolution.
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
when was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection published
1859
he simplified the naming of organisms.
carolus linnaeus
the system of binomial nomenclature
Hierarchical Classification System
This is a science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants.
taxonomy
Classification is based on ________, ________ and ________
behavioral, genetic and biochemical variation
Similar species are assigned to the same _______
genus
similar genera are
grouped in the same _______
family
Plants and fungi were traditionally classified into _________ rather than phyla.
divisions
Organisms that lack nuclei and other membrane-bounded organelles.
prokaryotes
Organisms are classified into similar categories namely:
kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus and species.
Often adapts to harsh conditions and frequently live in oxygen-deficient environments, including hot springs, salt ponds and hydrothermal vents in the ocean depths.
kingdom archaea
Unicellular and most are heterotrophic. Some are photosynthetic or chemosynthetic.
kingdom bacteria
Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed with in a nuclear envelope.
eukaryotes
what are the three domains
bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes
what are the six kingdoms
bacteria
archaea
protesta
plantae
animalia
fungi
Consists of molds, yeasts and mushroom
fungi
Contains protozoa, algae, water molds, and slime molds.
protista
Most move about by muscular contraction.
animalia
Obtained their nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into food and then
absorbing the predigested nutrients.
fungi
Single-celled or simple multicellular organisms.
protista
Includes vascular plants and nonvascular plants.
plantae
multicellular organisms that must eat other organisms to obtain nourishment.
animalia
usually rooted in one place and unlike animals, do not possess a
nervous system.
plants
multicellular organisms that typically photosynthesize.
plantae
each species receives a two-part name and should be italicized.
binomial system of nomenclature
The first word designates the genus to which the organism is assigned, and the second word is a _____________, that is, a descriptive word that characterizes the organism.
specific epiphet
The specific epithet is always used with the_________ generic name preceding it.
full of abbreviated
coconut tree scientific name
Cocos nucifera
pacific yew
Taxus brevifolia
