Plant Cell

Question 1

What are plants made of

Answer 1

Organs like stems, roots and leaves

Question 2

5 plant tissues

Answer 2

Epidermal tissue- covers the whole plant
Palisade mesophyll tissue- part of leaf with photosynthesis
Spongy mesophyll tissue- part of leaf with air spaces for diffusion
Xylem and Phloem- transport water, mineral ions and food around the plant
Meristem tissue- able to differentiate into lots of different plant cells for growth

Question 3

Translocation

Answer 3

When the phloem tubes transport food substances made in the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or for storage. Transport goes in both directions

Question 4

Transpiration stream

Answer 4

Movement of water from the roots, through the xylem and out of the leaves

Question 5

Transpiration

Answer 5

Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant and is causes by evaporation and diffusion of water from a plant’s surface. This evaporation creates a shortage of water in the leaf and so more water is drawn up through the xylem tubes

Question 6

4 affects on the rate of transpiration

Answer 6

Light intensity-bright light more transpiration
Temperature- warmer is more transpiration
Air flow- better air flow is more transpiration
Humidity- the drier the air the more transpiration

Question 7

Guard cell

Answer 7

Guard cells have a kidney shape which opens and closes the stomata.
With lots of water the guard cell goes plump and turgid- opening the stomata. With less water it become flaccid- closing the stomata

Question 8

Stomata

Answer 8

Little holes at the underneath of a leaf which is an exchange surface allowing things like diffusion and osmosis

Question 9

What are phloem tubes made of and what is their function

Answer 9

Made of columns of elongated living cells with small pores to allow cell sap to flow through. They transport food substances (mainly dissolved sugars) made in leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or for storage. Transport is in both directions and is called translocation.

Question 10

What are xylem tubes made of and what is their function

Answer 10

Made of dead cells joined end to end with no end walls between them and a hole down the middle, strengthened with lignin. Carry water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves. Movement of water from roots through xylem and out of leaves is called the transpiration stream

Question 11

How are structures of tissues, that make up the leaf, related to their function

Answer 11

Epidermal tissues are covered with a waxy cutile, helps to reduce water loss by evaporation
Upper epidermis is transparent so that light can pass through to the palisade layer
Palisade layer has chloroplasts to get light for photosynthesis
Xylem and phloem form vascular bundles to deliver water and other nutrients while taking away glucose, also support the structure
Tissues of the leaf are adapted for efficient gas exchange, lower epidermis is full of stomata, air holes in spongy mesophyll increase rate of diffusion