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Tox > Plant Bullshit > Flashcards

Plant Bullshit Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for Larkspur/Monkshood

A

Physostigmine better than neostigmine

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2
Q

Steroidal saponin

A

Agave

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3
Q

MOA of cocklebur

A

Hepatotoxic

Hypoglycemia

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4
Q

Clinical signs of oleander

A

Abdominal pain and vomiting

Digitalis-like effects

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5
Q

Xanthine alkaloids

A

Cocoa

Coffee

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6
Q

MOA of sago palm/cardboard palm

A

GI irritation

Liver damage

Teratogenic

Carcinogenic

Axonal degeneration (unknown toxin)

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7
Q

MOA of day blooming jassamine?

A

Hypercalcemia

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8
Q

Selenium indicator plant?

A

Halogeton

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9
Q

Clinical signs of Narcissus?

A

GI signs

Muscle tremors/seizures

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10
Q

Clinical signs of bracken fern?

A

Enzootic bovine hematuria

Thiamine deficiency in the horse

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11
Q

Plant associated with cardiotoxic alkaloid?

A

Monkshade

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12
Q

Calcinogenic glycoside (vitamin D analog)

A

Day blooming jassamine

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13
Q

MOA of Glory lily/climbing lily

A

Antimitotic binding to tubulin in rapidly dividing cells

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14
Q

Tropane alkaloids

A

Jimsonweed

Devil’s trumpet

Angel’s trumpet

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15
Q

MOA of rattlebox/ragwort?

A

Hepatotoxic

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16
Q

Taxine alkaloid

A

Japanese yew

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17
Q

Indolizidine alkaloids

A

Locoweed

Milkvetches

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18
Q

MOA of Narcissus?

A

Emetic and purgative

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19
Q

Clinical signs of phytoestrogens

A

Infertility in females

Decreased libido and infertility in males

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20
Q

Soluble oxalates?

A

Halogeton

Rhubarb

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21
Q

Anthraquinone

A

Coffee senna

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22
Q

Piperidine alkaloid

A

Tobacco

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23
Q

Clinical signs of Locoweek/milkvetches

A

Neuro signs:

Depression, incoordination, ataxia, circling, abnormal behavior

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24
Q

Specific antidote for cocoa/coffee?

A

Propranalol for arrhythmias

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25
Q

Titerpene acid

A

Lantana

Yellow sage

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26
Q

Insoluble calcium oxalate plants?

A

Flamingo

Caladium

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27
Q

T/F: Glycosides have to undergo hydrolysis to have an effect

A

True

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28
Q

Effects of insoluble calcium oxalate?

A

Irritation of lips, mouth, throat, and vomiting

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29
Q

MOA of sweet clover

A

Inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase

Similar to warfarin

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30
Q

MOA of Lantana/yellow sage

A

Liver damage and hepatic photosensitization

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31
Q

MOA of Larkspur/Monkshade

A

Block nicotinic receptors similar to curare

32
Q

Isocupressic acid

A

Ponderosa pine

33
Q

Quinone

A

St. John’s wort

34
Q

Cause of death from pyridine alkaloids?

A

Respiratory failure

35
Q

Cycasin

A

Cardboard palm

Sago palm

36
Q

What plant has clinical signs similar to PCP?

37
Q

MOA of agave

A

Liver damage -> hepatogenic photosensitization

38
Q

MOA of glucosinolate (thiocynate glycosides)

A

Antithyroid

39
Q

MOA of cocoa/coffee

A

Block adenosine receptors

40
Q

MOA of poisonous mushrooms

A

Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors

CNS stimulation

41
Q

Carboxyatractyloside (sulfated glycoside)

42
Q

Lycorine

43
Q

What part of the Narcissus plant is most toxic?

44
Q

Birth defects are most important with what plant?

45
Q

Coumarin glycoside

A

Sweet clover

46
Q

Two toxic principles associated with tobacco plants

A

Piperidine alkaloid

Pyridine alkaloid

47
Q

Ptaquiloside

A

Bracken fern

48
Q

MOA of oleander

A

Cardiotoxic by inhibiting Na/K ATPase

49
Q

Glucosinolate (thiocyanate glycosides)

A

Brassica

Soybean

Flax

50
Q

MOA of japaese yew?

A

Cardiotoxic

GI

51
Q

Phytoestrogens

A

White clover

Alfalfa

52
Q

Colchicine

A

Glory lily

Climbing lily

53
Q

Pyridine alkaloid

A

Tobacco plant

54
Q

Effects of soluble oxalates?

A

Hypocalcemia

Kidney damage

55
Q

Antidote for sweet clover

A

Vitamin K1

56
Q

Effects of Oak tree?

A

Ruminants - GI and kidney

Monogastrics - GI only

57
Q

What plant causes aplastic anemia and tumors in the urinary tract?

A

Bracken fern

58
Q

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

A

Rattlebox

Ragwort

59
Q

Cardiac glycoside

60
Q

MOA of black/american nightshade?

A

GI

CNS

Respiratory

Cardiac

61
Q

Plant that causes vasoconstriction in the uterus causing abortion in cattle

A

Ponderosa pine

62
Q

Which plant will precipitate toxicosis with copper?

63
Q

MOA of Ergot?

A

Vasoconstriction and gangrene

Uterine contraction -> abortion

64
Q

Cyanogenic glycosides

A

Johnsongrass

sudan grass

Sorghum

Elderberry

Wild cherries

65
Q

Tannic acid

66
Q

Spicific antidote for poisonous mushrooms?

67
Q

Diterpine alkaloids

A

Larkspur

Monkshade

68
Q

Clinical signs of day blooming jassamine?

A

Lameness due to calcification of joints

69
Q

Clinical signs of cocoa/coffee?

A

Convulsive seizures

Tremors

Tachycardia

Urination

70
Q

MOA of locoweed/milkvetches

A

Peripheral neuronal degeneration and vacuolation

71
Q

MOA of cyanogenic glycosides

A

Inhibit cytochrome oxidase and cellular respiration

Neuronal degeneration (chronic)

Antithyroid

72
Q

MOA/effect of St. John’s wort?

A

Primary photosensitization

73
Q

What species is resistant to Lantana/yellow sage?

74
Q

MOA of coffee senna?

A

Purgative

Skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration

Coffee colored urine due to myoglobinuria

Kidney damage

75
Q

Muscarine

A

Poisonous mushroom

76
Q

Antidote for Jimsonweed/devil’s trumpet/angel’s trumpet?

A

Physostigmine

77
Q

Solanine and solanidine alkaloid

A

Black nightshade

American nightshade

Tox (5 decks)

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