Plant Biology & Physiology Flashcards
alternation of generations
the regular alternation of forms or reproduction modes in an organism’s life cycle; this includes alternation between haploid and diploid phases or between asexual and sexual reproductive cycles
auxin
the hormone that regulates plant growth in the apical regions
cellular respiration
the process within a cell that breaks down sugar and other organic compounds in order to release energy; either anaerobic or aerobic
cork cambium
a lateral meristem producing cork and part of the periderm
cytokinin
a plant growth hormone that induces cell division and differentiation
double fertilization
a fertilization process characteristic of angiosperms, which results in one sperm fusing with the egg cell that develops into a diploid embryo and a second sperm fusing with two polar cells that forms a triploid cell that develops into the endosperm
endosperm
the triploid tissue of a seed
germination
the first stage of growth and development of a plant from a mature dormant seed
gibberellin
a plant hormone that regulates plant growth characteristics, and stimulates flowering and seed germination
meristem
rapidly dividing cells at the growing points of a plant that differentiate into shoots, roots, and flowers
mutualism
a relationship of two species living together in which both benefit
pericycle
a cylinder of cells lying inside the endodermis that conducts water and nutrients to vascular tissue
periderm
plant tissue derived from cork cambium and replaces the epidermis, the cells being dead; also called bark
photosynthesis
the process by which green plants use light to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen
procambium
the primary meristem of roots and shoots that gives rise to primary vascular tissue
