Comparative Physiology

Question 1

amnion

Answer 1

the membranous sac enclosing the fetus

Question 2

amniotic fluid

Answer 2

the protective, clear fluid (mostly water) that fills the amniotic sac and envelopes the fetu

Question 3

amniotic sac

Answer 3

a bubble-like, thin-walled sac that surrounds the fetus, contains amniotic fluid, and regulates temperature

Question 4

blastula

Answer 4

a spherical layer of cells that surrounds a yolk- or fluid-filled cavity

Question 5

blastulation

Answer 5

the stage after cleavage produces 128 cells and produces the blastula or blastocyst

Question 6

cell

Answer 6

the smallest unit of life

Question 7

chorion

Answer 7

the outer membrane surrounding the embryo

Question 8

cleavage

Answer 8

the mitotic process of early embryonic cell division of one cell to two, two into four, four into eight, etc.;

Question 9

diploblastic

Answer 9

having two primary cellular tissue layers: ecto- and endoderm

Question 10

ectoderm

Answer 10

the outermost germ layer that forms the skin and the nervous system

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

a plant or animal in the early stage of development

Question 12

embryogenesis

Answer 12

the process of the formation and development of the embryo in both plants and animals; involves the fertilization of the ovum, which produces a zygote that undergoes mitotic divisions (cleavage) and cellular differentiation, which leads to the development of the embryo

Question 13

endoderm

Answer 13

the innermost layer of cellular tissue that forms the alimentary canal and digestive glands

Question 14

endometrium

Answer 14

the tissue layer lining the uterus

Question 15

epithelial tissue

Answer 15

consists of cells closely packed and covers both internal and external surfaces of the body

Question 16

fertilization

Answer 16

the process of a sperm penetrating an egg, marking conception, and the fusion of genetic materials, the beginning of a pregnancy

Question 17

gastrulation

Answer 17

the process of embryonic development that follows the blastula stage, which establishes the three germ layers: ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm

Question 18

heterogeneity

Answer 18

a mixture of dissimilar things

Question 19

heterozygous

Answer 19

presence of different alleles at the same locus; a genotype of different alleles of a gene, being heterozygous (Ss)

Question 20

homozygous

Answer 20

presence of the same allele at the same locus; a genotype of identical alleles of a gene, either homozygous dominant (SS) or homozygous recessive (ss)

Question 21

hydrophilic

Answer 21

having a strong attraction to water

Question 22

mesoderm

Answer 22

the middle layer of cellular tissue that forms bone, muscle, and connective tissue

Question 23

organogenesis

Answer 23

the process of organ formation and development

Question 24

oviduct

Answer 24

a short, thick-walled tube in the female reproductive system that carries the egg from an ovary to the; also called fallopian tube

Question 25

placenta

Answer 25

a membranous organ that lines the uterine wall, envelopes the fetus, is attached to the umbilical cord, and exchanges nutrients, wastes, and gases between fetal and maternal blood

Question 26

somatic

Answer 26

voluntary bodily functions or movement such as skeletal muscle movement

Question 27

triploblastic

Answer 27

having three primary germ layers: ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm

Question 28

zygote

Answer 28

the single cell that results from fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; After dividing several times, it implants in the uterus; It continues to divide, producing more cells and passing through the stages of embryo and fetus