Plant Biology Flashcards
How is pollen formed
Within pollen sacs in the anther
How does pollination occur
When pollen grains are carried away insects, birds, wind etc. to other plants of same species, some planets self-pollinate
Sclerenchyma features
thick cell walls, important for support (physical), dead cells, trees and plant grow upright
xylem features
transport H20 and nutrient up plant, dead lignified cells, provide structural suppose (trees)
phloem
transport sugar to top & bottom of plant, alive, non lignified
what causes an increase in diameter
later growth (2ndary growth)
describe plant transport
move h2o from soil up stems & leaves. roots take up h2o from leaves in phloem, root hairs increase SA in absorption
describe plant transport
move h2o from soil up stems & leaves. roots take up h2o from leaves in phloem, root hairs increase SA in absorption, nutrients taken up
e.g. of macronutrients
nitrogen, K, Na, phosphorous, Ca, Mg
e.g. of micronutrients
Fe, boron, Zn, maganese, copper
macro and micro nutrients are needed in low are high concentrations
macro high, micro low
anions
-ive charge, easy to take up
cations
+ively charged, binds to soil particles
water loss from stomata causes what
h20 deficit higher up tree. creates -ive tension in leaves. pulls h20 up xylem from roots. this is called transpirational pull
aniline blue features
phloem sleve areas= light blue, cal lose in sleeve plates (if present) = dark blue
acid phloroglucinol is only for
lignified tissues =dark red
toluidine blue features
lignified tissues (schlarchyma) = aquamarine, protenaceous tissues (parachyma & cytoplasm)= purple, polyaranaids & pectin = dark pink
if too much h20 lost in transpiration what happens
stomata wil c lose
name adaptations of plants in hot dry climate
size of leaf reduced, increase cuticle thickness, fleshy leaves store h20, stomata close in day, open night, stomata position deeper in leaves
name plant that is adapted to hot dry climate
xerophytes
describe sugar movement in phloem
sugars move from leaves to parts of plant
what are sinks
location where sugar is needed
what are sources
where sugar is produced (leaves)
sugars located in the
phloem sap (where syrup comes from)
describe sucrose movement via pressure flow
high conc. of sugar in leaves attract h20 into cells. cells build pressure causes sugar to move down plant. sucrose moves in & out cell via co-transport and ATP pump
