Plant Basics

Question 1

Plant Biomass

Answer 1

> 80% of earth’s biomass
Photosynthesis = Oxygen, glucose, H20

Question 2

Plant domestication

Answer 2

• Began 10,000 YA
• Fruits bred to select for more edible tissue

Question 3

Plant Bio Future

Answer 3

• Advances in plant engineering (CRISPR)
  - gene editing to develop new varieties
• Advances in sustainability
  - Precision Farming
• Advances in farming methods (John Deere)

Question 4

Arabidopsis thaliama

Answer 4

• Mustard Plant
• Detects TNT by changing color near a land mine

Question 5

What is a Plant?

Answer 5

1. Cell Walls made of cullulose
2. Photosynthetic Autotroph
3. Alteration of Generations Life Cycle
4. Multicellular Eukaryote
5. Protected Embryo

Question 6

Prokaryote v. Eukaryote

Answer 6

P: No nucleus, organelles, or cytoskelleton

E: Have nucleus, organelles, and cytoskeleton

Question 7

Plant v. Animal cell

Answer 7

• Both Eukaryotic
• Plant: Chloroplasts + mitochondria
  – Cyanobacteria also do photosynthesis

Question 8

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 8

Eukaryotic organelles evolved from ancient free-living prokaryotes that invaded primitive eukaryotic cells

– Mitochondria/chloroplasts formed when a prokaryote ingested aerobic bacteria/cyanobacteria

Question 9

3 domains

Answer 9

1. Bacteria (p)
2. Archaea (p)
3. Eukaryota (plants, animals, slime, mold…)

Question 10

Cell wall

Answer 10

Composed of cellulose:
Carbohydrate, difficult to break down
Rigidity

Question 11

Multicellularity

Answer 11

Multicellular Organism: composed of multiple cells
– groups of cells take special functions
- evolved ~25 times
– Complex multicellularity: tissue differentiation
- evolved ~ 6 times

Question 12

Autotroph

Answer 12

“Self-Feeding”
organism produces complex organic compounds (protein, carb, fat, nucleic acids) from simple substances

Question 13

Chemoautotroph

Answer 13

“self feeding”
Energy source is inorganic

Question 14

Alteration of Generations

Answer 14

Plant life cycle
Multicellular 2n (Diploid) organism - meiosis = 1n spore// mitosis = Multicellular 1n (haploid) organism - fertilization = 2n Zygote// Mitosis = cycle begin again

Question 15

Plant diversity groups

Answer 15

1. Charophyte (green algae)
2. Nonvascular (mosses)
3. Seedless vascular (ferns)
4. Gymnosperms (conifers)
5. Angiosperms (flowering)

Question 16

Nonvascular plants

Answer 16

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
- not a good system for transporting food & water (no roots, stems, leaves)
- Get nutrients from environment, pass cell to cell

Question 17

Gymnosperms

Answer 17

Conifers

Question 18

Angiosperms

Answer 18

flowering plants
Monocots and Dicots
Vascular diversity

Question 19

Monocots v. Dicots

Answer 19

Diverged 200 mya
Monocots: grass and grain crops
Dicots: toms, apples, legumes..
- Legumes: Symbiotic relation with Risobacteria that allows plants to fix Nitrogen

Different Vascular Structures

Question 20

Cotyeledone

Answer 20

Embryonic leaf in seed bearing plants
Monocots have two, dicots have one