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Intro to Plant Biology > Floral Morphology > Flashcards

Floral Morphology Flashcards

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1
Q

Plasticity

A

Changes in morphology in response to environment (i.e wind)
Differs per species

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2
Q

Floral Organs

A

Carpel
Stamen
Sepal

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3
Q

Sepal

A

Outer part of flower, enclosed bud

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4
Q

Petal

A

Modified leaves surround reproductive parts

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5
Q

Stamens

A

Male fertilizing organ (anthem + filament)
Produces pollen grain which fertilizes female ovule

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6
Q

Carpel

A

Female reproductive part (Stigma, Style, Ovary)

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7
Q

Male Gametophyte

A

Pollen
produced through Meiosis and Mitosis
Has Tube Cell

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8
Q

Female Gametphyte

A

Ovule
contains egg cell
Sperm from Tube cell fertilize

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9
Q

Pollination

A

Self or non self
Pollen lands on Stigma and Tube cell moves down style

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10
Q

Double Fertilization

A

Angiosperm specific
endosperm nucleus (3n) - 2 polar nuclei plus sperm
zygote (2n) - egg plus sperm

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11
Q

Post fertilization

A

ovule = seeds
ovary = fruit

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12
Q

Seed structure

A

Embryo
Seed Coat
Endosperm

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13
Q

Monocot (flowers)

A

Floral organs usually in multiples of three

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14
Q

Dicots (flowers)

A

floral organs usually in multiples of four or five

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15
Q

Complete v Incomplete Flowers

A

Complete: containing all floral organs (carpel, petal, sepal, stamen)
Incomplete: lacking one or more organs, some unisexual

aka perfect v imperfect

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16
Q

Monoecious

A

Plant containing flowers that altogether have necessary reproducing orgnas

17
Q

Dioecious

A

flowers on a plant lack one or more sexual organs (only incomplete flowers)

18
Q

Inflorescence

A

group/cluster of flowers arranged on a stem

19
Q

Asteraceae family

A

aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family
Angiosperm
Main feature: flower head/capitulum

20
Q

Inbreeding

A

production of offspring from mating of individuals who are closely related (siblings/cousins)

Self pollination in plants
==>Inbreeding Depression

21
Q

Inbreeding Depression

A

Fitness decrease caused by inbreeding

pairing of deleterious alleles

p of deleterious recessive alleles pairing is higher

22
Q

Mechanisms to reduce self pollination

A
  1. Structural
  2. Stamen & carpel maturation times
  3. Imperfect Flowers
  4. Dioecious plants
  5. Genetic Self incompatibility
23
Q

Promotion of Cross-pollination

A

Pollinator

24
Q

Pollinator

A

animal that moves pollen from anther to stigma

(fertilizes ovules by male gametes from pollen grain)

25
Q

Evolution of flowers

A
  • increases efficiency of pollination
  • protects ovule
  • protects seed
  • aids in dispersal
26
Q

Adaptions to attract pollinators

A

Bright colors
patterns
Scents
Nectaries

27
Q

Nectaries

A

Specialized structure - nectar producing
Nectar - solution of sugar(s) that serve as attractant to pollinator (reward)

Intro to Plant Biology (4 decks)

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