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Grade 10 Science > Plant & Animal Cells + Cell Division > Flashcards

Plant & Animal Cells + Cell Division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 organelles both plant and animal cells have

A

Mitochondria (For energy production), Ribosomes (For protein synthesis), and Endoplasmic Reticulum (For transport and processing)

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2
Q

Name the 3 structures both plant and animal cells have

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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3
Q

What do animal cells have instead of a cell wall?

A

A cell membrane

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4
Q

What are plant cell walls made out of?

A

Cellulose which provides structure and support

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5
Q

What cell has chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

A

Plant cell

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6
Q

What produces glucose and oxygen?

A

Photosynthesis

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7
Q

Describe the shape of the plant cell

A

Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to their cell wall

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8
Q

Describe the shape of the animal cell

A

Animal cells vary in shape, they can be round or irregular

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9
Q

Where do plant & animal cells store energy?

A

Plants store energy in Starch while Animals store energy in Glycogen

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10
Q

Which cells reproduce through Mitosis and what cells reproduce through Meiosis?

A

Both animal and plant cells reproduce through Mitosis but plant cells sometimes reproduce through Meiosis for the formation of spores

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11
Q

What is the function of Mitosis? What does it produce?

A

Growing and repairing cells, and asexual reproduction. It produces two identical daughter cells from a single-parent cell

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12
Q

What happens during Prophase?

A

Chromatin turns into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to break down

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13
Q

What happens during Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane

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14
Q

What happens during Anaphase & Telophase?

A

Anaphase - Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase - Nuclear envelopes reform around the two sets of chromosomes

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15
Q

What happens during Cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm divides into two separate cells

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16
Q

What is the function of Meiosis? What does it produce?

A

Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction and produces gametes

17
Q

What happens during Meiosis 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes are separated

18
Q

What happens during Prophase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material by crossing over

19
Q

What happens during Metaphase 1?

A

Paired chromosomes align at the equatorial plane

20
Q

What happens during Anaphase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart

21
Q

What happens during Telophase 1?

A

The cell divides into two haploid cells

22
Q

What happens in Meiosis II and Cytokinesis?

A

Meiosis II - Sister chromatids are separated
Cytokinesis - Occurs after Meiosis II, which results in four haploid cells being formed

23
Q

What is the chromosome number for Meiosis?

A

If the parent cell is diploid (2n), the daughter cells are haploid (n)

24
Q

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

A

Mitosis - Produces 2 identical cells for growth and repair
Meiosis - Produces 4 genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction

25
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Stores molecules used for cellular processes and protect internal components of cells

26
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

A

Generate the energy necessary to power cells

27
Q

What is the function of the Lysosome?

A

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts

28
Q

What is the function of the Smooth and Rough ER?

A

Smooth - Helps synthesize various substances needed by the cell
Rough - Produces proteins for the rest of the cell to function

29
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell

30
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls and regulates the activities of the cell and carries the genes

31
Q

What is the function of the Ribosome?

A

Making proteins

32
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Prepares, modifies, and sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

What is Pollination?

A

The act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

34
Q

What is fertilization?

A

When pollen travels down the pistil of the flower and reaches the egg cell in the ovary

35
Q

What are Xylem and Phloem?

A

Xylem - A vascular tissue that transports water throughout a plant’s body

Phloem - A vascular tissue that transports and distributes organic nutrients such as sucrose and amino acids

36
Q

What is Photosynthesis?

A

How plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to create glucose and oxygen

37
Q

What is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic - Has a nucleus, membrane and is multicellular Prokaryotic - Do not have a membrane-bound nuclei and are unicellular

38
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A

DNA is replicated while the cell is not growing and is actively growing.

Grade 10 Science (6 decks)

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