Plant & Animal Cells + Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 organelles both plant and animal cells have

A

Mitochondria (For energy production), Ribosomes (For protein synthesis), and Endoplasmic Reticulum (For transport and processing)

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2
Q

Name the 3 structures both plant and animal cells have

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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3
Q

What do animal cells have instead of a cell wall?

A

A cell membrane

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4
Q

What are plant cell walls made out of?

A

Cellulose which provides structure and support

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5
Q

What cell has chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

A

Plant cell

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6
Q

What produces glucose and oxygen?

A

Photosynthesis

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7
Q

Describe the shape of the plant cell

A

Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to their cell wall

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8
Q

Describe the shape of the animal cell

A

Animal cells vary in shape, they can be round or irregular

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9
Q

Where do plant & animal cells store energy?

A

Plants store energy in Starch while Animals store energy in Glycogen

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10
Q

Which cells reproduce through Mitosis and what cells reproduce through Meiosis?

A

Both animal and plant cells reproduce through Mitosis but plant cells sometimes reproduce through Meiosis for the formation of spores

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11
Q

What is the function of Mitosis? What does it produce?

A

Growing and repairing cells, and asexual reproduction. It produces two identical daughter cells from a single-parent cell

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12
Q

What happens during Prophase?

A

Chromatin turns into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to break down

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13
Q

What happens during Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane

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14
Q

What happens during Anaphase & Telophase?

A

Anaphase - Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase - Nuclear envelopes reform around the two sets of chromosomes

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15
Q

What happens during Cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm divides into two separate cells

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16
Q

What is the function of Meiosis? What does it produce?

A

Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction and produces gametes

17
Q

What happens during Meiosis 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes are separated

18
Q

What happens during Prophase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material by crossing over

19
Q

What happens during Metaphase 1?

A

Paired chromosomes align at the equatorial plane

20
Q

What happens during Anaphase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart

21
Q

What happens during Telophase 1?

A

The cell divides into two haploid cells

22
Q

What happens in Meiosis II and Cytokinesis?

A

Meiosis II - Sister chromatids are separated
Cytokinesis - Occurs after Meiosis II, which results in four haploid cells being formed

23
Q

What is the chromosome number for Meiosis?

A

If the parent cell is diploid (2n), the daughter cells are haploid (n)

24
Q

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

A

Mitosis - Produces 2 identical cells for growth and repair
Meiosis - Produces 4 genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction

25
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Stores molecules used for cellular processes and protect internal components of cells
26
What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Generate the energy necessary to power cells
27
What is the function of the Lysosome?
Break down excess or worn-out cell parts
28
What is the function of the Smooth and Rough ER?
Smooth - Helps synthesize various substances needed by the cell Rough - Produces proteins for the rest of the cell to function
29
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell
30
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the activities of the cell and carries the genes
31
What is the function of the Ribosome?
Making proteins
32
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Prepares, modifies, and sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
33
What is Pollination?
The act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.
34
What is fertilization?
When pollen travels down the pistil of the flower and reaches the egg cell in the ovary
35
What are Xylem and Phloem?
Xylem - A vascular tissue that transports water throughout a plant's body Phloem - A vascular tissue that transports and distributes organic nutrients such as sucrose and amino acids
36
What is Photosynthesis?
How plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to create glucose and oxygen
37
What is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic - Has a nucleus, membrane and is multicellular Prokaryotic - Do not have a membrane-bound nuclei and are unicellular
38
What happens during Interphase?
DNA is replicated while the cell is not growing and is actively growing.
39