Plant & Animal Cells + Cell Division

Question 1

Name the 3 organelles both plant and animal cells have

Answer 1

Mitochondria (For energy production), Ribosomes (For protein synthesis), and Endoplasmic Reticulum (For transport and processing)

Question 2

Name the 3 structures both plant and animal cells have

Answer 2

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 3

What do animal cells have instead of a cell wall?

Answer 3

A cell membrane

Question 4

What are plant cell walls made out of?

Answer 4

Cellulose which provides structure and support

Question 5

What cell has chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Plant cell

Question 6

What produces glucose and oxygen?

Answer 6

Photosynthesis

Question 7

Describe the shape of the plant cell

Answer 7

Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to their cell wall

Question 8

Describe the shape of the animal cell

Answer 8

Animal cells vary in shape, they can be round or irregular

Question 9

Where do plant & animal cells store energy?

Answer 9

Plants store energy in Starch while Animals store energy in Glycogen

Question 10

Which cells reproduce through Mitosis and what cells reproduce through Meiosis?

Answer 10

Both animal and plant cells reproduce through Mitosis but plant cells sometimes reproduce through Meiosis for the formation of spores

Question 11

What is the function of Mitosis? What does it produce?

Answer 11

Growing and repairing cells, and asexual reproduction. It produces two identical daughter cells from a single-parent cell

Question 12

What happens during Prophase?

Answer 12

Chromatin turns into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to break down

Question 13

What happens during Metaphase?

Answer 13

Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane

Question 14

What happens during Anaphase & Telophase?

Answer 14

Anaphase - Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase - Nuclear envelopes reform around the two sets of chromosomes

Question 15

What happens during Cytokinesis?

Answer 15

The cytoplasm divides into two separate cells

Question 16

What is the function of Meiosis? What does it produce?

Answer 16

Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction and produces gametes

Question 17

What happens during Meiosis 1?

Answer 17

Homologous chromosomes are separated

Question 18

What happens during Prophase 1?

Answer 18

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material by crossing over

Question 19

What happens during Metaphase 1?

Answer 19

Paired chromosomes align at the equatorial plane

Question 20

What happens during Anaphase 1?

Answer 20

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 21

What happens during Telophase 1?

Answer 21

The cell divides into two haploid cells

Question 22

What happens in Meiosis II and Cytokinesis?

Answer 22

Meiosis II - Sister chromatids are separated
Cytokinesis - Occurs after Meiosis II, which results in four haploid cells being formed

Question 23

What is the chromosome number for Meiosis?

Answer 23

If the parent cell is diploid (2n), the daughter cells are haploid (n)

Question 24

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 24

Mitosis - Produces 2 identical cells for growth and repair
Meiosis - Produces 4 genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 25

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 25

Stores molecules used for cellular processes and protect internal components of cells

Question 26

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Answer 26

Generate the energy necessary to power cells

Question 27

What is the function of the Lysosome?

Answer 27

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts

Question 28

What is the function of the Smooth and Rough ER?

Answer 28

Smooth - Helps synthesize various substances needed by the cell
Rough - Produces proteins for the rest of the cell to function

Question 29

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 29

Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell

Question 30

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 30

Controls the activities of the cell and carries the genes

Question 31

What is the function of the Ribosome?

Answer 31

Making proteins

Question 32

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 32

Prepares, modifies, and sorts proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

What is Pollination?

Answer 33

The act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

Question 34

What is fertilization?

Answer 34

When pollen travels down the pistil of the flower and reaches the egg cell in the ovary

Question 35

What are Xylem and Phloem?

Answer 35

Xylem - A vascular tissue that transports water throughout a plant’s body

Phloem - A vascular tissue that transports and distributes organic nutrients such as sucrose and amino acids

Question 36

What is Photosynthesis?

Answer 36

How plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to create glucose and oxygen

Question 37

What is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic?

Answer 37

Eukaryotic - Has a nucleus, membrane and is multicellular Prokaryotic - Do not have a membrane-bound nuclei and are unicellular

Question 38

What happens during Interphase?

Answer 38

DNA is replicated while the cell is not growing and is actively growing.