Plant & Animal Cells + Cell Division Flashcards
Name the 3 organelles both plant and animal cells have
Mitochondria (For energy production), Ribosomes (For protein synthesis), and Endoplasmic Reticulum (For transport and processing)
Name the 3 structures both plant and animal cells have
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
What do animal cells have instead of a cell wall?
A cell membrane
What are plant cell walls made out of?
Cellulose which provides structure and support
What cell has chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis?
Plant cell
What produces glucose and oxygen?
Photosynthesis
Describe the shape of the plant cell
Plant cells have a fixed, rectangular shape due to their cell wall
Describe the shape of the animal cell
Animal cells vary in shape, they can be round or irregular
Where do plant & animal cells store energy?
Plants store energy in Starch while Animals store energy in Glycogen
Which cells reproduce through Mitosis and what cells reproduce through Meiosis?
Both animal and plant cells reproduce through Mitosis but plant cells sometimes reproduce through Meiosis for the formation of spores
What is the function of Mitosis? What does it produce?
Growing and repairing cells, and asexual reproduction. It produces two identical daughter cells from a single-parent cell
What happens during Prophase?
Chromatin turns into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope begins to break down
What happens during Metaphase?
Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane
What happens during Anaphase & Telophase?
Anaphase - Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase - Nuclear envelopes reform around the two sets of chromosomes
What happens during Cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides into two separate cells
What is the function of Meiosis? What does it produce?
Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction and produces gametes
What happens during Meiosis 1?
Homologous chromosomes are separated
What happens during Prophase 1?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material by crossing over
What happens during Metaphase 1?
Paired chromosomes align at the equatorial plane
What happens during Anaphase 1?
Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart
What happens during Telophase 1?
The cell divides into two haploid cells
What happens in Meiosis II and Cytokinesis?
Meiosis II - Sister chromatids are separated
Cytokinesis - Occurs after Meiosis II, which results in four haploid cells being formed
What is the chromosome number for Meiosis?
If the parent cell is diploid (2n), the daughter cells are haploid (n)
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis - Produces 2 identical cells for growth and repair
Meiosis - Produces 4 genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction