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Grade 10 Science > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Gall Stones?

A

Deposits of Chlosterol produced in the gall bladder

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2
Q

What are the 4 stages food is processed in?

A

Indigestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination

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3
Q

What are the 3 digestive enzymes the pancreas produces?

A

Amylase, Trypsin, and Lipase

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4
Q

What do Amylase and Lipase do?

A

Amylase breaks down complete carbs into sugar and Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides

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5
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical breakdown of nutrients through the action of enzymes and other substances

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6
Q

What is a complex carb?

A

A long carbohydrate molecule formed by chains of sugar

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7
Q

Name 3 examples of complex carbs

A

Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose

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8
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breakdown of food into simpler components that can be absorbed and used by the body

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9
Q

What structure is positioned between the oral cavity and the esophagus?

A

The pharynx

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10
Q

What happens when the epiglottis does not close properly when someone is eating?

A

The food enters the trachea

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11
Q

What flap of elastic cartilage, if dysfunctional, could potentially lead to difficulty swallowing?

A

The epiglottis

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12
Q

Why is mastication a useful precursor to the later chemical digestion of food?

A

Mastication, or chewing, provides an increase in the surface area available for digestion.

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13
Q

What is absorption?

A

The process by which molecules are taken up from the digestive tract into the cells.

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14
Q

The upper portion of the esophagus is composed of what type of muscle?

A

The striated muscle

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15
Q

What term describes the coordinated muscular action that helps food pass through the digestive tract?

A

Peristalsis

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16
Q

What are the key structural characteristics of the stomach?

A

It secretes hydrochloric acid that facilitates the activity of certain enzymes.

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17
Q

Chyme is a product of which type(s) of digestion?

A

Both mechanical and chemical digestion act together to produce chyme.

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18
Q

What compounds do chief cells and parietal cells secrete into the stomach?

A

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, while parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

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19
Q

How does the stomach’s mucous membrane work to protect the stomach?

A

The mucous membrane produces mucus, an alkaline covering that protects the stomach from gastric acid

20
Q

Through which structure does food leave the stomach when it passes into the duodenum?

A

Food passes through the pyloric sphincter.

21
Q

What is chyme?

A

A thick liquid of partially digested food produced by the stomach

22
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A molecule usually a protein which catalyzes a chemical reaction

23
Q

What is bile?

A

A fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

24
Q

What part of the GI tract has villi?

A

The small intestine

25
Q

Name two basic functions of the digestive system

A

Breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

26
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl and an amino group

27
Q

Which of the large organs allow nutrients and water to pass through their walls?

A

Duodenum

28
Q

Which of the small organs transport absorbed nutrients to the bloodstream?

A

Capillaries

29
Q

What organ absorbs water and vitamin K from digested food?

A

Large intestine

30
Q

What organ produces enzymes that break down nutrients?

A

Pancreas

31
Q

What cell produces HCl?

A

Parietal cells

32
Q

What cell produces pepsin, which breaks down proteins?

A

Chief cells

33
Q

How does the gall bladder affect fat digestion?

A

It breaks down large fat globules into smaller particles using bile

34
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physical breakdown of food such as churning in the stomach

35
Q

What is villus?

A

Tiny finger-like projection in the wall of the small intestine

36
Q

What is a monoglyceride?

A

A molecule that consists of a fatty acid attached to the glycerol backbone

37
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

Between the stomach and jejunum

38
Q

What are the 3 small intestines? Where are they located?

A

Duodenum - located between the stomach and jejunum
Jejunum - Between the duodenum and Ileum
Ileum - The last part of the small intestine

39
Q

What is the stomach and esophagus separated by?

A

A sphincter

40
Q

How many litres of gastric juice are produced every day?

A

One to two litres

41
Q

How is Gastric Acid produced?

A

By smelling or seeing food, and the stretching of the stomach

42
Q

What is inside the mucosa?

A

Rugae that allows the stomach to enlarge when food is consumed

43
Q

What does gastric juice consist of?

A

Pepsin, Hydrochloric Acid, Lipase, ad Intrinsic Factor

44
Q

What is Intrisic Factor produced by?

A

Gastric Glands

45
Q

What does a vitamin need to do to be absorbed by the small intestine?

A

It must combine with intrinsic factor

46
Q

What does Vitamin B12 do?

A

Help keep the body’s nerve and blood cells healthy and helps make DNA

Grade 10 Science (4 decks)

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