Chapter 6 (Ions, Ionic Compounds, Acids & Bases) Flashcards
Anions, Cations, Ionic Compounds, Metals
What is an Ionic Compound?
An ionic compound results when a Metal reacts with a Non-metal
What does the Metal do?
The metal tends to lose electrons and become positive
What does the Non-Metal do?
The non-metal tends to gain electrons and become negative
Why do atoms stick together?
Atoms stick together due to the Law of Electric Charges
Name 2 examples of Ionic Compounds
Sodium Chloride and Magnesium Oxide
What is the charge if there are more protons than electrons in an ion?
The charge will be positive
What is the charge if there are more electrons than protons in an ion?
The charge will be negative
What are cations?
Cations are ions with positive charges, causing them to have more protons than electrons
What are anions?
Anions are particles or ions with negative charges, causing them to have more electrons than protons
What forms cations, Metals or Metalloids?
Metals form cations
What forms anions, Non-metals or noble gases?
Non-metals form anions
What is the ammonium ion?
The ammonium ion is NH4+
What do most Ionic compounds form?
Most Ionic Compounds form three dimensional crystals which are held together by opposite charges
What is an electrolyte?
An electrolyte is a compound which dissolves in water to form a solution that conducts electricity
What is a polyatomic ion?
A polyatomic ion is an atom that has a charge
What prefixes lose their final o or a when placed in front of oxygen?
Mono, tetra, penta, and hexa
How do atoms become stable?
Atoms become stable by sharing, losing, or gaining electrons
Do Ionic Compounds have high melting points?
Yes
Is the ending of the second element always changed to —ide?
Yes
What is a covalent bond?
When metals and non-metals share their electrons to give a full outer orbit
What are the 7 diatomic elements?
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine
What is the formula of Sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the formula of Nitric acid?
HNO3
What is the formula of Nitrous acid?
HNO2
What is the formula for Hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the formula for Sodium Hydroxide?
NaOH
What is the formula for Calcium Hydroxide?
Ca(OH)2
What is the formula for Lithium hydroxide?
LiOH
Do atoms become positively charged when they lose electrons?
Yes
Do atoms become negatively charged when they gain electrons?
Yes
How is acid rain formed?
Acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and oxygen
Are Metals basic?
Yes
Are non-metals acidic?
Yes
What is the formula for bases?
Metal + oxygen = metal oxide
Metal oxide + water = bade
What are transition metals?
Metals that are in between metals and non-metals
What is the formula for acids?
Non metal + oxygen = non metal oxide
Non metal oxide + water = acid
What is the formula for neutralization?
Acid + base = water + salt
Do you use a prefix when you have two nonmetals or one?
Two
What is neutralization?
When acids and bases react together and produce water and salt
