Plant and animal breeding - Learning Outcomes/ questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant and animal breeding to improve characteristics to help what?

A

support sustainable food production.

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2
Q

Breeders develop crops and animals with higher what?

A

food yields, higher nutritional values, pest and disease resistance and ability to thrive in particular environmental condition

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3
Q

Plant field trials are carried out in a range of what?

A

environments to compare the performance of different cultivars or treatments and to evaluate GM crops.

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4
Q

In designing field trials account has to be taken off what?

A

the selection of treatments, the number of replicates and the randomisation of treatments.

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5
Q

In inbreeding, selected related plants or animals are what?

A

bred for several generations until the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of heterozygotes.

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6
Q

A result of inbreeding can be an increase in the what?

A

frequency of individuals who are homozygous for recessive deleterious alleles.

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7
Q

These individuals will do what?

A

less well at surviving to reproduce.

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8
Q

This results in what?

A

inbreeding depression.

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9
Q

In animals, individuals from different breeds may produce what?

A

a new crossbreed population with improved characteristics.

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10
Q

The two parent breeds can be maintained to produce what?

A

more crossbred animals showing the improved characteristic.

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11
Q

New alleles can be introduced to plant and animal lines how?

A

by crossing a cultivar or breed with an individual with a different, desired genotype.

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12
Q

In plants, F1 hybrids, produced by the crossing of two what?

A

different inbred lines, create a relatively uniform heterozygous crop.

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13
Q

F1 hybrids often have increased what?

A

vigour and yield.

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14
Q

Plants with increased vigour may have what?

A

increased disease resistance or increased growth rate.

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