plant and animal breeding 3.2 Flashcards
what is cultivar?
a variety of plant obtained from natural species by selection and/ or genetic manipulation and maintained by cultivation
what does deleterious mean?
referring to alleles of genes whose expression results in the formation of harmful characteristics
what is genetic transformation?
an alteration of an organism’s genome by the insertion of a DNA sequence from a different organism
what is genome sequencing?
establishing the order of the nucleotide bases all the way along an organism’s DNA
what is a hybrid vigour?
an improved condition shown by offspring of cross between two different inbred parental strains
what is hybridisation?
a process by which one variety of organism is crossed with a different variety to try to produce offspring better than either parent
what is inbreeding?
a process by which close relatives are bred with one another and prevented from breeding at random
what is inbreeding depression?
deterioration in the quality of a strain of natural outbreeders that have been forcibly inbred
what is outbreeding?
a process involving the mating of unrelated members of the same species
what is randomisation?
a disordered arrangement of replicate treatments to eliminate bias
what is a replicate?
one of several copies of a treatment set up to reduce the effect of experimental error
what is selective breeding?
a process by which only the organisms with the best features are chosen as the parents of the next generation
what is a test cross?
a procedure carried out between an organism whose genotype for a trait is unknown and an organism who is homozygous recessive for the trait
what is a treatment?
a way in which a plot is dealt with compared with other plots
