genomic sequencing 1.8 Flashcards
what are bioinformatics?
the application of statistics and computer science to analyse and compare genetic sequence data
what does conserved mean?
term used to describe DNA sequences found to be very similar in the genomes of two organisms being compared
what is divergence?
separation of two groups in phylogeny when their genomes acquire mutations and become different from each other
what is a domain?
large group of living organisms such as bacteria, archaea or eukaryotes
what is a genome?
the entire genetic information of an organism encoded in the DNA of a complete set of its chromosomes
what is genomics?
application of sequencing and computational procedures to analyse the genomes of organisms
what is a model organism?
species important for research because it possesses genes equivalent to human genes responsible for inherited disorders
what is a molecular clock?
use of a molecule that has accumulated mutations over time to construct an evolutionary timescale for groups possessing the molecule
what is neutral mutation?
type of mutation whose genetic sequence differs from the original but which still codes for the functional protein
what is pharmacogenetics?
the study of genomes related to personal medicine
what is a phylogenetic tree?
branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms based on their genomic differences
what is phylogenetics?
study of evolutionary relatedness among different groups of organisms
what is sequencing?
determining the order of bases on DNA fragments and the order of the fragments in a genome
what is a single nucleotide polymorphism?
a variation in DNA sequence that affects a single bases pair in a DNA chasin
