Planes, Terms & Cavities Flashcards by Nicole Olds

The scientific discipline that studies, the body structure and relationship of its parts to each other.

What is Anatomy

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The study of anatomy regarding the structural changes, both microscopically and microscopically in the body, which occur as a result of disease

What is pathology anatomy, a.k.a. morbid anatomy

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Another name for morbid anatomy

What is pathological anatomy

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The study of the structure of the body with emphasis on superficial landmarks

What is surface anatomy a.k.a. topographical anatomy

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Another name for topographical anatomy

What is surface anatomy

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The study of the functions of living things, or how the body works

What is physiology, a.k.a. physiological anatomy

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What is another name for physiology?

Physiological anatomy

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The study of structures that can be studied with the unaided eye, or without the use of a microscope.

What is gross anatomy, a.k.a. macroscopic anatomy

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Another name for gross anatomy

What is macroscopic anatomy?

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The study of structures of the body that can be seen only with the use of a microscope

What is microscopic anatomy, a.k.a. histological anatomy

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Another name for microscopic anatomy

What is Histological anatomy

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Microscopic anatomy has to subdivisions. What are they?

Histology and cytology

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The study of tissues in the body

What is histology?

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The study of the structure of individual cells and their structures

What is cytology?

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The scientific study of the body by individual systems

What is systemic anatomy

(examples include muscular system, circulatory systems, and respiratory systems)

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This studies, a particular body region as a separate unit, such as a head or chest.

What is regional anatomy?

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A universally understood way to describe the relative form of the body

What is the anatomical position?

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What are the five criteria for the anatomical position?

the person is standing erect 2. their feet, are flat on the floor 3. their arms are at their sides, 4. their palms are facing forward 5. they are facing the observer

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Above or towards the head

What is superior, a.k.a., cranial, a.k.a. cephalad a.k.a. cephalic

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Name three other terms for superior

What is cranial a.k.a. cephalad a.k.a. cephalic

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Below or towards the feet

What is inferior a.k.a., caudal

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Another term for caudal?

What is inferior?

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Towards the front of the body

What is Anterior a.k.a. Ventral

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What is another term for anterior

It is ventral

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Towards the back of the body

What is posterior a.k.a. dorsal

What is another term for posterior?

Dorsal

This refers to a subject, lying face down over the interior surface down, being on the stomach

What is the prone position?

This refers to a subject, line face up, or with the interior surface, facing up as in someone lying on their back

What is the supine position

Towards the midline of the body

What is medial?

Away from the midline of the body

What is lateral

Closest to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body. This term is only used with limbs, such as arms or legs.

What is proximal

Father, from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body, this term is only used with limbs, such as arms or legs

What is distal

Closer to the surface of the body

What is superficial

Father from the surface of the body

What is deep

Towards the inside of the body

What is internal

Towards the outside of the body

What is external

Located at pertaining to the periphery or outer surface of the body or body part away from the center.

What is peripheral

Situated at pertaining to a center or center point.

What is central

A muscle action that decreases the angle at an articulation (joint) bending your elbow, flexing

What is flexion?

A muscle action that increases the angle at an articulation (joint) straightening or extending your forearm.

What is extension

A muscle action that moves an extremity (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body

What is abduction

A muscle action that moves and extremity arm or leg towards the midline of the body

What is adduction

The act of rotating your forearm, so that the palm of your hand face is superiorly or anteriorly

What is supination

The act of rotating your forearm, so that the palm of your hand faces inferiorly or posteriorly

What is pronation

Imaginary lines that cut the body and or its parts into different sections and are used to describe cuts meet through a cadaver in order to view structures, exposed by the cut

What are anatomical planes

A vertical imaginary line that runs through the body parts and divides it into right, and left portions. It is neither equal or unequal.

What is sagittal plane

A vertical imaginary line that runs through the body glass parts directly through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal portions

What is mid sagittal plane a.k.a. median plane

…another term for the mid sagittal plane?

What is the median plane

A vertical imaginary line that passes through the body/parts off to one side, dividing it into unequal portions

What is parasagittal plane

A vertical imaginary line that divides the body into an anterior portion and the posterior portion

What is the frontal plane a.k.a. Coronal plane

Vertical imaginary line that runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body/part into superior portion and inferior portion

What is horizontal plane a.k.a. traverse plane a.k.a. cross-sectional plane.

What is another name for the horizontal plane?

What is the transverse or cross-sectional plane

The human body is subdivided into several mean parts or sections what are the five body regions?

1. head 2. neck cervical region, 3. torso or trunk 4. upper extremity or limb, 5. lower extremity or limb

This body region further divides into the skull in the face

What is head

This is the portion of the head that encloses and protects the brain

What is the skull or cranium

This anterior aspect of the head includes the eyes mouth chin for head and cheeks

What is the face

This body region region supports the head and attaches it to the trunk of the body

What is the neck or cervical region

This is the region of the body to which the upper and lower extremities are attached. It is composed of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis.

What is the trunk or torso

This region within the trunk is better known to us as the chest

What is the thorax

This is the area between the diaphragm, (breathing muscle) and the pelvis

What is the abdomen

This basin lake structure in the torso is formed by two hips, sacrum, and the coccyx area

What is the pelvis

This body region attaches to the trunk and consists of following the arm in the forearm

What are the upper extremities or limb

This portion of the upper extremity is from the shoulder to the elbow

What is the arm

This part of the upper extremity is the portion from the elbow to the wrist

What is the forearm a.k.a. the antebrachium a.k.a. the antebrachial

This body region attaches to the trunk and is similarly divided into following sections the thigh, the leg, and the groin

What is the lower extremity or limb

This portion of the lower extremity is from the buttocks to the knee

What is the thigh

This portion of the lower limb is between the knee and the ankle

What is the leg

This area on the front surface of the body is marked by a crease on each side where the trunk attaches

What is the groin area

Spaces within the body that protect support and separate the various internal organs are called this.

What are cavities?

What are the two principal cavities?

The anterior cavity (ventral cavity) and the posterior cavity (dorsal cavity)

What is another name for the interior cavity?

The ventral cavity

This principle cavity is located on the front of the body and is subdivided into three cavities

What is the interior cavity a.k.a. ventral cavity

The thoracic, abdominal and pelvic are the subdivisions of what cavity

What is the anterior cavity a.k.a. ventral cavity

The abdominal and pelvic cavities, since they are relatively close together, are combined to be called this name

What is the abdominopelvic cavity

This body part divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

What is the diaphragm a.k.a. phrenic

This cavity is the superior portion of the anterior cavity, and contains three additional cavities known as the mediastinum, the pleural cavity, and the pericardial cavity…

What is the thoracic cavity

What is cavity is the superior portion to the anterior cavity and is surrounded by ribs to protect vital

What is the thoracic cavity

This sub cavity is a broad, median partition located between the lungs, extends from the sternum to the vertebral column & from the neck to the diaphragm, and contains a trachea, heart and esophagus

What is the mediastinum

These two fluid-filled spaces make up this cavity…

What is the pleural cavity

….this small fluid filled space is a cavity that surrounds the heart

what is the pericardial cavity?

This cavity extends from the diaphragm to the grind, is surrounded by the abdominal wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis

What is the abdominopelvic cavity

This top portion of the abdominopelvic cavity contains the stomach, part of the large intestines, all of the small intestines, the kidney , the liver, the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and adrenal glands

What is the abdominal cavity

This portion of the abdomino pelvic cavity is bounded more completely by bones than the other cavity and contains reproductive organs, the rest of the large intestines, urinary tract and the bladder.

What is the pelvic cavity?

This principle cavity is located near the back surface of the body, and contains two subdivisions, the cranial cavity and spinal cavity .

What is the posterior cavity a.k.a. dorsal cavity?

What is another name for the dorsal cavity?

The posterior cavity

This cavity is formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

What is the cranial cavity

This cavity is formed by the bones of the vertebral column, and contains a spinal cord and the **medulla oblongata**

What is the spinal cavity

Name the cavities in this picture

This plan divides the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants. This plan is used by clinicians to locate pain such as the patient feels a pain in the right lower quadrant.

What is the quadrant plan